Merge branch 'master' into NetworkAccessPolicy

25 files changed, 1143 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/AlphanumericComparator.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/AlphanumericComparator.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3c81eba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/AlphanumericComparator.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Alphanumeric <see cref="IComparer{T}" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class AlphanumericComparator : IComparer<string?>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares two objects and returns a value indicating whether one is less than, equal to, or greater than the other.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="s1">The first object to compare.</param>
+        /// <param name="s2">The second object to compare.</param>
+        /// <returns>A signed integer that indicates the relative values of <c>x</c> and <c>y</c>.</returns>
+        public static int CompareValues(string? s1, string? s2)
+        {
+            if (s1 == null && s2 == null)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else if (s1 == null)
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            else if (s2 == null)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            int len1 = s1.Length;
+            int len2 = s2.Length;
+
+            // Early return for empty strings
+            if (len1 == 0 && len2 == 0)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else if (len1 == 0)
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            else if (len2 == 0)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            int pos1 = 0;
+            int pos2 = 0;
+
+            do
+            {
+                int start1 = pos1;
+                int start2 = pos2;
+
+                bool isNum1 = char.IsDigit(s1[pos1++]);
+                bool isNum2 = char.IsDigit(s2[pos2++]);
+
+                while (pos1 < len1 && char.IsDigit(s1[pos1]) == isNum1)
+                {
+                    pos1++;
+                }
+
+                while (pos2 < len2 && char.IsDigit(s2[pos2]) == isNum2)
+                {
+                    pos2++;
+                }
+
+                var span1 = s1.AsSpan(start1, pos1 - start1);
+                var span2 = s2.AsSpan(start2, pos2 - start2);
+
+                if (isNum1 && isNum2)
+                {
+                    // Trim leading zeros so we can compare the length
+                    // of the strings to find the largest number
+                    span1 = span1.TrimStart('0');
+                    span2 = span2.TrimStart('0');
+                    var span1Len = span1.Length;
+                    var span2Len = span2.Length;
+                    if (span1Len < span2Len)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else if (span1Len > span2Len)
+                    {
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (span1Len >= 20) // Number is probably too big for a ulong
+                    {
+                        // Trim all the first digits that are the same
+                        int i = 0;
+                        while (i < span1Len && span1[i] == span2[i])
+                        {
+                            i++;
+                        }
+
+                        // If there are no more digits it's the same number
+                        if (i == span1Len)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // Only need to compare the most significant digit
+                        span1 = span1.Slice(i, 1);
+                        span2 = span2.Slice(i, 1);
+                    }
+
+                    if (!ulong.TryParse(span1, out var num1)
+                        || !ulong.TryParse(span2, out var num2))
+                    {
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    else if (num1 < num2)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else if (num1 > num2)
+                    {
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int result = span1.CompareTo(span2, StringComparison.InvariantCulture);
+                    if (result != 0)
+                    {
+                        return result;
+                    }
+                }
+#pragma warning disable SA1500 // TODO remove with StyleCop.Analyzers v1.2.0 https://github.com/DotNetAnalyzers/StyleCopAnalyzers/pull/3196
+            } while (pos1 < len1 && pos2 < len2);
+#pragma warning restore SA1500
+
+            return len1 - len2;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public int Compare(string? x, string? y)
+        {
+            return CompareValues(x, y);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/CopyToExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/CopyToExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72d37b5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/CopyToExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides <c>CopyTo</c> extensions methods for <see cref="IReadOnlyList{T}" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class CopyToExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies all the elements of the current collection to the specified list
+        /// starting at the specified destination array index. The index is specified as a 32-bit integer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The current collection that is the source of the elements.</param>
+        /// <param name="destination">The list that is the destination of the elements copied from the current collection.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">A 32-bit integer that represents the index in <c>destination</c> at which copying begins.</param>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the array.</typeparam>
+        public static void CopyTo<T>(this IReadOnlyList<T> source, IList<T> destination, int index = 0)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < source.Count; i++)
+            {
+                destination[index + i] = source[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/DictionaryExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/DictionaryExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bb828d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/DictionaryExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Static extensions for the <see cref="IReadOnlyDictionary{TKey,TValue}"/> interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class DictionaryExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a string from a string dictionary, checking all keys sequentially,
+        /// stopping at the first key that returns a result that's neither null nor blank.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dictionary">The dictionary.</param>
+        /// <param name="key1">The first checked key.</param>
+        /// <returns>System.String.</returns>
+        public static string? GetFirstNotNullNorWhiteSpaceValue(this IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> dictionary, string key1)
+        {
+            return dictionary.GetFirstNotNullNorWhiteSpaceValue(key1, string.Empty, string.Empty);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a string from a string dictionary, checking all keys sequentially,
+        /// stopping at the first key that returns a result that's neither null nor blank.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dictionary">The dictionary.</param>
+        /// <param name="key1">The first checked key.</param>
+        /// <param name="key2">The second checked key.</param>
+        /// <returns>System.String.</returns>
+        public static string? GetFirstNotNullNorWhiteSpaceValue(this IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> dictionary, string key1, string key2)
+        {
+            return dictionary.GetFirstNotNullNorWhiteSpaceValue(key1, key2, string.Empty);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a string from a string dictionary, checking all keys sequentially,
+        /// stopping at the first key that returns a result that's neither null nor blank.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dictionary">The dictionary.</param>
+        /// <param name="key1">The first checked key.</param>
+        /// <param name="key2">The second checked key.</param>
+        /// <param name="key3">The third checked key.</param>
+        /// <returns>System.String.</returns>
+        public static string? GetFirstNotNullNorWhiteSpaceValue(this IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> dictionary, string key1, string key2, string key3)
+        {
+            if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key1, out var val) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(val))
+            {
+                return val;
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key2) && dictionary.TryGetValue(key2, out val) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(val))
+            {
+                return val;
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key3) && dictionary.TryGetValue(key3, out val) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(val))
+            {
+                return val;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/EnumerableExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/EnumerableExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5fe93357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/EnumerableExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Static extensions for the <see cref="IEnumerable{T}"/> interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class EnumerableExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether the value is contained in the source collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">An instance of the <see cref="IEnumerable{String}"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to look for in the collection.</param>
+        /// <param name="stringComparison">The string comparison.</param>
+        /// <returns>A value indicating whether the value is contained in the collection.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">The source is null.</exception>
+        public static bool Contains(this IEnumerable<string> source, ReadOnlySpan<char> value, StringComparison stringComparison)
+        {
+            if (source == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
+            }
+
+            if (source is IList<string> list)
+            {
+                int len = list.Count;
+                for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                {
+                    if (value.Equals(list[i], stringComparison))
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            foreach (string element in source)
+            {
+                if (value.Equals(element, stringComparison))
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Jellyfin.Extensions.csproj b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Jellyfin.Extensions.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..981b796e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Jellyfin.Extensions.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Authors>Jellyfin Contributors</Authors>
+    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin</RepositoryUrl>
+    <PackageLicenseExpression>GPL-3.0-only</PackageLicenseExpression>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="../../SharedVersion.cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <!-- Code Analyzers-->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="SerilogAnalyzer" Version="0.15.0" PrivateAssets="All" />
+    <PackageReference Include="StyleCop.Analyzers" Version="1.1.118" PrivateAssets="All" />
+    <PackageReference Include="SmartAnalyzers.MultithreadingAnalyzer" Version="1.1.31" PrivateAssets="All" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonBoolNumberConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonBoolNumberConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2543cf7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonBoolNumberConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a number to a boolean.
+    /// This is needed for HDHomerun.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonBoolNumberConverter : JsonConverter<bool>
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override bool Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.Number)
+            {
+                return Convert.ToBoolean(reader.GetInt32());
+            }
+
+            return reader.GetBoolean();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, bool value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            writer.WriteBooleanValue(value);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d0cc2d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Convert comma delimited string to array of type.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">Type to convert to.</typeparam>
+    public sealed class JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverter<T> : JsonDelimitedArrayConverter<T>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverter{T}"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverter() : base()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override char Delimiter => ',';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverterFactory.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverterFactory.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc9311a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverterFactory.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Json comma delimited array converter factory.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This must be applied as an attribute, adding to the JsonConverter list causes stack overflow.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public class JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverterFactory : JsonConverterFactory
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override bool CanConvert(Type typeToConvert)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override JsonConverter? CreateConverter(Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            var structType = typeToConvert.GetElementType() ?? typeToConvert.GenericTypeArguments[0];
+            return (JsonConverter?)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverter<>).MakeGenericType(structType));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonDateTimeConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonDateTimeConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ae080b15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonDateTimeConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Legacy DateTime converter.
+    /// Milliseconds aren't output if zero by default.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonDateTimeConverter : JsonConverter<DateTime>
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override DateTime Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            return reader.GetDateTime();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, DateTime value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            if (value.Millisecond == 0)
+            {
+                // Remaining ticks value will be 0, manually format.
+                writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss'.'fffffffZ", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.WriteStringValue(value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonDelimitedArrayConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonDelimitedArrayConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c39805aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonDelimitedArrayConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+using System;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Convert delimited string to array of type.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">Type to convert to.</typeparam>
+    public abstract class JsonDelimitedArrayConverter<T> : JsonConverter<T[]?>
+    {
+        private readonly TypeConverter _typeConverter;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonDelimitedArrayConverter{T}"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected JsonDelimitedArrayConverter()
+        {
+            _typeConverter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the array delimiter.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected virtual char Delimiter { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override T[]? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.String)
+            {
+                // GetString can't return null here because we already handled it above
+                var stringEntries = reader.GetString()?.Split(Delimiter, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+                if (stringEntries == null || stringEntries.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    return Array.Empty<T>();
+                }
+
+                var parsedValues = new object[stringEntries.Length];
+                var convertedCount = 0;
+                for (var i = 0; i < stringEntries.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        parsedValues[i] = _typeConverter.ConvertFrom(stringEntries[i].Trim());
+                        convertedCount++;
+                    }
+                    catch (FormatException)
+                    {
+                        // TODO log when upgraded to .Net6
+                        // https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/42975
+                        // _logger.LogDebug(e, "Error converting value.");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                var typedValues = new T[convertedCount];
+                var typedValueIndex = 0;
+                for (var i = 0; i < stringEntries.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    if (parsedValues[i] != null)
+                    {
+                        typedValues.SetValue(parsedValues[i], typedValueIndex);
+                        typedValueIndex++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return typedValues;
+            }
+
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T[]>(ref reader, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, T[]? value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonGuidConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonGuidConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be94dd519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonGuidConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a GUID object or value to/from JSON.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonGuidConverter : JsonConverter<Guid>
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override Guid Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            var guidStr = reader.GetString();
+            return guidStr == null ? Guid.Empty : new Guid(guidStr);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, Guid value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonLowerCaseConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonLowerCaseConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd582ced6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonLowerCaseConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts an object to a lowercase string.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The object type.</typeparam>
+    public class JsonLowerCaseConverter<T> : JsonConverter<T>
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override T? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(ref reader, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, T value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            writer.WriteStringValue(value?.ToString()?.ToLowerInvariant());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableGuidConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableGuidConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6192d1598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableGuidConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a GUID object or value to/from JSON.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonNullableGuidConverter : JsonConverter<Guid?>
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override Guid? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            var guidStr = reader.GetString();
+            return guidStr == null ? null : new Guid(guidStr);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, Guid? value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            if (value == null || value == Guid.Empty)
+            {
+                writer.WriteNullValue();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.WriteStringValue(value.Value.ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableStructConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableStructConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6de238b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableStructConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a nullable struct or value to/from JSON.
+    /// Required - some clients send an empty string.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TStruct">The struct type.</typeparam>
+    public class JsonNullableStructConverter<TStruct> : JsonConverter<TStruct?>
+        where TStruct : struct
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override TStruct? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.Null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // Token is empty string.
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.String && ((reader.HasValueSequence && reader.ValueSequence.IsEmpty) || reader.ValueSpan.IsEmpty))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<TStruct>(ref reader, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, TStruct? value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            if (value.HasValue)
+            {
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Value, options);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.WriteNullValue();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableStructConverterFactory.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableStructConverterFactory.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7749589a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonNullableStructConverterFactory.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Json nullable struct converter factory.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonNullableStructConverterFactory : JsonConverterFactory
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override bool CanConvert(Type typeToConvert)
+        {
+            return typeToConvert.IsGenericType
+                   && typeToConvert.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>)
+                   && typeToConvert.GenericTypeArguments[0].IsValueType;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override JsonConverter? CreateConverter(Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            var structType = typeToConvert.GenericTypeArguments[0];
+            return (JsonConverter?)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(JsonNullableStructConverter<>).MakeGenericType(structType));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e59fe464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Convert Pipe delimited string to array of type.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">Type to convert to.</typeparam>
+    public sealed class JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverter<T> : JsonDelimitedArrayConverter<T>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverter{T}"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverter() : base()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override char Delimiter => '|';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverterFactory.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverterFactory.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..579674f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverterFactory.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Json Pipe delimited array converter factory.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This must be applied as an attribute, adding to the JsonConverter list causes stack overflow.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public class JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverterFactory : JsonConverterFactory
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override bool CanConvert(Type typeToConvert)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override JsonConverter? CreateConverter(Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            var structType = typeToConvert.GetElementType() ?? typeToConvert.GenericTypeArguments[0];
+            return (JsonConverter?)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(JsonPipeDelimitedArrayConverter<>).MakeGenericType(structType));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonStringConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonStringConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a7a8c4f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonStringConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converter to allow the serializer to read strings.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonStringConverter : JsonConverter<string?>
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override string? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            return reader.TokenType switch
+            {
+                JsonTokenType.Null => null,
+                JsonTokenType.String => reader.GetString(),
+                _ => GetRawValue(reader)
+            };
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, string? value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+        {
+            writer.WriteStringValue(value);
+        }
+
+        private static string GetRawValue(Utf8JsonReader reader)
+        {
+            var utf8Bytes = reader.HasValueSequence
+                ? reader.ValueSequence.ToArray()
+                : reader.ValueSpan;
+            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(utf8Bytes);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonVersionConverter.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonVersionConverter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51ffec1cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/Converters/JsonVersionConverter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a Version object or value to/from JSON.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Required to send <see cref="Version"/> as a string instead of an object.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public class JsonVersionConverter : JsonConverter<Version>
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override Version Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            => new Version(reader.GetString()!); // Will throw ArgumentNullException on null
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, Version value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+            => writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/JsonDefaults.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/JsonDefaults.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4ec91123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/Json/JsonDefaults.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using Jellyfin.Extensions.Json.Converters;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions.Json
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper class for having compatible JSON throughout the codebase.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class JsonDefaults
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pascal case json profile media type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string PascalCaseMediaType = "application/json; profile=\"PascalCase\"";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Camel case json profile media type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string CamelCaseMediaType = "application/json; profile=\"CamelCase\"";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// When changing these options, update
+        ///  Jellyfin.Server/Extensions/ApiServiceCollectionExtensions.cs
+        ///   -> AddJellyfinApi
+        ///    -> AddJsonOptions.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions _jsonSerializerOptions = new ()
+        {
+            ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Disallow,
+            WriteIndented = false,
+            DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull,
+            NumberHandling = JsonNumberHandling.AllowReadingFromString,
+            Converters =
+            {
+                new JsonGuidConverter(),
+                new JsonNullableGuidConverter(),
+                new JsonVersionConverter(),
+                new JsonStringEnumConverter(),
+                new JsonNullableStructConverterFactory(),
+                new JsonBoolNumberConverter(),
+                new JsonDateTimeConverter(),
+                new JsonStringConverter()
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions _pascalCaseJsonSerializerOptions = new (_jsonSerializerOptions)
+        {
+            PropertyNamingPolicy = null
+        };
+
+        private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions _camelCaseJsonSerializerOptions = new (_jsonSerializerOptions)
+        {
+            PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase
+        };
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the default <see cref="JsonSerializerOptions" /> options.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The return value must not be modified.
+        /// If the defaults must be modified the author must use the copy constructor.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>The default <see cref="JsonSerializerOptions" /> options.</returns>
+        public static JsonSerializerOptions Options
+            => _jsonSerializerOptions;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets camelCase json options.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The return value must not be modified.
+        /// If the defaults must be modified the author must use the copy constructor.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>The camelCase <see cref="JsonSerializerOptions" /> options.</returns>
+        public static JsonSerializerOptions CamelCaseOptions
+            => _camelCaseJsonSerializerOptions;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets PascalCase json options.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The return value must not be modified.
+        /// If the defaults must be modified the author must use the copy constructor.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>The PascalCase <see cref="JsonSerializerOptions" /> options.</returns>
+        public static JsonSerializerOptions PascalCaseOptions
+            => _pascalCaseJsonSerializerOptions;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/ShuffleExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/ShuffleExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e481983f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/ShuffleExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides <c>Shuffle</c> extensions methods for <see cref="IList{T}" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class ShuffleExtensions
+    {
+        private static readonly Random _rng = new Random();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Shuffles the items in a list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="list">The list that should get shuffled.</param>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type.</typeparam>
+        public static void Shuffle<T>(this IList<T> list)
+        {
+            list.Shuffle(_rng);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Shuffles the items in a list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="list">The list that should get shuffled.</param>
+        /// <param name="rng">The random number generator to use.</param>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type.</typeparam>
+        public static void Shuffle<T>(this IList<T> list, Random rng)
+        {
+            int n = list.Count;
+            while (n > 1)
+            {
+                int k = rng.Next(n--);
+                T value = list[k];
+                list[k] = list[n];
+                list[n] = value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/SplitStringExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/SplitStringExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fa5c0123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/SplitStringExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2019 Gérald Barré
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+// TODO: remove when analyzer is fixed: https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn-analyzers/issues/5158
+#pragma warning disable CA1034 // Nested types should not be visible
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extension class for splitting lines without unnecessary allocations.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class SplitStringExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new string split enumerator.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="str">The string to split.</param>
+        /// <param name="separator">The separator to split on.</param>
+        /// <returns>The enumerator struct.</returns>
+        [Pure]
+        public static Enumerator SpanSplit(this string str, char separator) => new (str.AsSpan(), separator);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new span split enumerator.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="str">The span to split.</param>
+        /// <param name="separator">The separator to split on.</param>
+        /// <returns>The enumerator struct.</returns>
+        [Pure]
+        public static Enumerator Split(this ReadOnlySpan<char> str, char separator) => new (str, separator);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Provides an enumerator for the substrings seperated by the separator.
+        /// </summary>
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Auto)]
+        public ref struct Enumerator
+        {
+            private readonly char _separator;
+            private ReadOnlySpan<char> _str;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Enumerator"/> struct.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="str">The span to split.</param>
+            /// <param name="separator">The separator to split on.</param>
+            public Enumerator(ReadOnlySpan<char> str, char separator)
+            {
+                _str = str;
+                _separator = separator;
+                Current = default;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Gets a reference to the item at the current position of the enumerator.
+            /// </summary>
+            public ReadOnlySpan<char> Current { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns <c>this</c>.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <returns><c>this</c>.</returns>
+            public readonly Enumerator GetEnumerator() => this;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Advances the enumerator to the next item.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <returns><c>true</c> if there is a next element; otherwise <c>false</c>.</returns>
+            public bool MoveNext()
+            {
+                if (_str.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                var span = _str;
+                var index = span.IndexOf(_separator);
+                if (index == -1)
+                {
+                    _str = ReadOnlySpan<char>.Empty;
+                    Current = span;
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                Current = span.Slice(0, index);
+                _str = span[(index + 1)..];
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StreamExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StreamExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9751d9d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StreamExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class BaseExtensions.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class StreamExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads all lines in the <see cref="Stream" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">The <see cref="Stream" /> to read from.</param>
+        /// <returns>All lines in the stream.</returns>
+        public static string[] ReadAllLines(this Stream stream)
+            => ReadAllLines(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads all lines in the <see cref="Stream" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">The <see cref="Stream" /> to read from.</param>
+        /// <param name="encoding">The character encoding to use.</param>
+        /// <returns>All lines in the stream.</returns>
+        public static string[] ReadAllLines(this Stream stream, Encoding encoding)
+        {
+            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, encoding))
+            {
+                return ReadAllLines(reader).ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads all lines in the <see cref="TextReader" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="reader">The <see cref="TextReader" /> to read from.</param>
+        /// <returns>All lines in the stream.</returns>
+        public static IEnumerable<string> ReadAllLines(this TextReader reader)
+        {
+            string? line;
+            while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
+            {
+                yield return line;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads all lines in the <see cref="TextReader" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="reader">The <see cref="TextReader" /> to read from.</param>
+        /// <returns>All lines in the stream.</returns>
+        public static async IAsyncEnumerable<string> ReadAllLinesAsync(this TextReader reader)
+        {
+            string? line;
+            while ((line = await reader.ReadLineAsync().ConfigureAwait(false)) != null)
+            {
+                yield return line;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StringBuilderExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StringBuilderExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02ff7cc1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StringBuilderExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extension methods for the <see cref="StringBuilder"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class StringBuilderExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Concatenates and appends the members of a collection in single quotes using the specified delimiter.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="builder">The string builder.</param>
+        /// <param name="delimiter">The character delimiter.</param>
+        /// <param name="values">The collection of strings to concatenate.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated string builder.</returns>
+        public static StringBuilder AppendJoinInSingleQuotes(this StringBuilder builder, char delimiter, IReadOnlyList<string> values)
+        {
+            var len = values.Count;
+            for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            {
+                builder.Append('\'')
+                    .Append(values[i])
+                    .Append('\'')
+                    .Append(delimiter);
+            }
+
+            // remove last ,
+            builder.Length--;
+
+            return builder;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StringExtensions.cs b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StringExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acc695ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Jellyfin.Extensions/StringExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides extensions methods for <see cref="string" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class StringExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Counts the number of occurrences of [needle] in the string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The haystack to search in.</param>
+        /// <param name="needle">The character to search for.</param>
+        /// <returns>The number of occurrences of the [needle] character.</returns>
+        public static int Count(this ReadOnlySpan<char> value, char needle)
+        {
+            var count = 0;
+            var length = value.Length;
+            for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)
+            {
+                if (value[i] == needle)
+                {
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+    }
+}