From f45d44f32150b53231af9651021d1dee690775f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: crobibero <cody@robibe.ro>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2020 21:04:02 -0600
Subject: Move PlaystateService.cs to Jellyfin.Api

---
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs | 372 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 372 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs

(limited to 'Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs')

diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05a6edf4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using Jellyfin.Data.Entities;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Net;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Session;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Session;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Playstate controller.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
+    public class PlaystateController : BaseJellyfinApiController
+    {
+        private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
+        private readonly IUserDataManager _userDataRepository;
+        private readonly ILibraryManager _libraryManager;
+        private readonly ISessionManager _sessionManager;
+        private readonly IAuthorizationContext _authContext;
+        private readonly ILogger<PlaystateController> _logger;
+        private readonly TranscodingJobHelper _transcodingJobHelper;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="PlaystateController"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="userManager">Instance of the <see cref="IUserManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="userDataRepository">Instance of the <see cref="IUserDataManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="libraryManager">Instance of the <see cref="ILibraryManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="sessionManager">Instance of the <see cref="ISessionManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="authContext">Instance of the <see cref="IAuthorizationContext"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="loggerFactory">Instance of the <see cref="ILoggerFactory"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaSourceManager">Instance of the <see cref="IMediaSourceManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="fileSystem">Instance of the <see cref="IFileSystem"/> interface.</param>
+        public PlaystateController(
+            IUserManager userManager,
+            IUserDataManager userDataRepository,
+            ILibraryManager libraryManager,
+            ISessionManager sessionManager,
+            IAuthorizationContext authContext,
+            ILoggerFactory loggerFactory,
+            IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager,
+            IFileSystem fileSystem)
+        {
+            _userManager = userManager;
+            _userDataRepository = userDataRepository;
+            _libraryManager = libraryManager;
+            _sessionManager = sessionManager;
+            _authContext = authContext;
+            _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<PlaystateController>();
+
+            _transcodingJobHelper = new TranscodingJobHelper(
+                loggerFactory.CreateLogger<TranscodingJobHelper>(),
+                mediaSourceManager,
+                fileSystem);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Marks an item as played for user.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemId">Item id.</param>
+        /// <param name="datePlayed">Optional. The date the item was played.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Item marked as played.</response>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the <see cref="UserItemDataDto"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("/Users/{userId}/PlayedItems/{itemId}")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        public ActionResult<UserItemDataDto> MarkPlayedItem(
+            [FromRoute] Guid userId,
+            [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
+            [FromQuery] DateTime? datePlayed)
+        {
+            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var session = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request);
+            var dto = UpdatePlayedStatus(user, itemId, true, datePlayed);
+            foreach (var additionalUserInfo in session.AdditionalUsers)
+            {
+                var additionalUser = _userManager.GetUserById(additionalUserInfo.UserId);
+                UpdatePlayedStatus(additionalUser, itemId, true, datePlayed);
+            }
+
+            return dto;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Marks an item as unplayed for user.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemId">Item id.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Item marked as unplayed.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the <see cref="UserItemDataDto"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpDelete("/Users/{userId}/PlayedItem/{itemId}")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        public ActionResult<UserItemDataDto> MarkUnplayedItem([FromRoute] Guid userId, [FromRoute] Guid itemId)
+        {
+            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var session = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request);
+            var dto = UpdatePlayedStatus(user, itemId, false, null);
+            foreach (var additionalUserInfo in session.AdditionalUsers)
+            {
+                var additionalUser = _userManager.GetUserById(additionalUserInfo.UserId);
+                UpdatePlayedStatus(additionalUser, itemId, false, null);
+            }
+
+            return dto;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reports playback has started within a session.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="playbackStartInfo">The playback start info.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Playback start recorded.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("/Sessions/Playing")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
+        public async Task<ActionResult> ReportPlaybackStart([FromBody] PlaybackStartInfo playbackStartInfo)
+        {
+            playbackStartInfo.PlayMethod = ValidatePlayMethod(playbackStartInfo.PlayMethod, playbackStartInfo.PlaySessionId);
+            playbackStartInfo.SessionId = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request).Id;
+            await _sessionManager.OnPlaybackStart(playbackStartInfo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reports playback progress within a session.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="playbackProgressInfo">The playback progress info.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Playback progress recorded.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("/Sessions/Playing/Progress")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
+        public async Task<ActionResult> ReportPlaybackProgress([FromBody] PlaybackProgressInfo playbackProgressInfo)
+        {
+            playbackProgressInfo.PlayMethod = ValidatePlayMethod(playbackProgressInfo.PlayMethod, playbackProgressInfo.PlaySessionId);
+            playbackProgressInfo.SessionId = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request).Id;
+            await _sessionManager.OnPlaybackProgress(playbackProgressInfo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pings a playback session.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="playSessionId">Playback session id.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Playback session pinged.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("/Sessions/Playing/Ping")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
+        public ActionResult PingPlaybackSession([FromQuery] string playSessionId)
+        {
+            _transcodingJobHelper.PingTranscodingJob(playSessionId, null);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reports playback has stopped within a session.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="playbackStopInfo">The playback stop info.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Playback stop recorded.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("/Sessions/Playing/Stopped")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
+        public async Task<ActionResult> ReportPlaybackStopped([FromBody] PlaybackStopInfo playbackStopInfo)
+        {
+            _logger.LogDebug("ReportPlaybackStopped PlaySessionId: {0}", playbackStopInfo.PlaySessionId ?? string.Empty);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(playbackStopInfo.PlaySessionId))
+            {
+                await _transcodingJobHelper.KillTranscodingJobs(_authContext.GetAuthorizationInfo(Request).DeviceId, playbackStopInfo.PlaySessionId, s => true).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            playbackStopInfo.SessionId = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request).Id;
+            await _sessionManager.OnPlaybackStopped(playbackStopInfo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reports that a user has begun playing an item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemId">Item id.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaSourceId">The id of the MediaSource.</param>
+        /// <param name="canSeek">Indicates if the client can seek.</param>
+        /// <param name="audioStreamIndex">The audio stream index.</param>
+        /// <param name="subtitleStreamIndex">The subtitle stream index.</param>
+        /// <param name="playMethod">The play method.</param>
+        /// <param name="liveStreamId">The live stream id.</param>
+        /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session id.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Play start recorded.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("/Users/{userId}/PlayingItems/{itemId}")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
+        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "userId", Justification = "Required for ServiceStack")]
+        public async Task<ActionResult> OnPlaybackStart(
+            [FromRoute] Guid userId,
+            [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
+            [FromQuery] string mediaSourceId,
+            [FromQuery] bool canSeek,
+            [FromQuery] int? audioStreamIndex,
+            [FromQuery] int? subtitleStreamIndex,
+            [FromQuery] PlayMethod playMethod,
+            [FromQuery] string liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] string playSessionId)
+        {
+            var playbackStartInfo = new PlaybackStartInfo
+            {
+                CanSeek = canSeek,
+                ItemId = itemId,
+                MediaSourceId = mediaSourceId,
+                AudioStreamIndex = audioStreamIndex,
+                SubtitleStreamIndex = subtitleStreamIndex,
+                PlayMethod = playMethod,
+                PlaySessionId = playSessionId,
+                LiveStreamId = liveStreamId
+            };
+
+            playbackStartInfo.PlayMethod = ValidatePlayMethod(playbackStartInfo.PlayMethod, playbackStartInfo.PlaySessionId);
+            playbackStartInfo.SessionId = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request).Id;
+            await _sessionManager.OnPlaybackStart(playbackStartInfo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reports a user's playback progress.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemId">Item id.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaSourceId">The id of the MediaSource.</param>
+        /// <param name="positionTicks">Optional. The current position, in ticks. 1 tick = 10000 ms.</param>
+        /// <param name="isPaused">Indicates if the player is paused.</param>
+        /// <param name="isMuted">Indicates if the player is muted.</param>
+        /// <param name="audioStreamIndex">The audio stream index.</param>
+        /// <param name="subtitleStreamIndex">The subtitle stream index.</param>
+        /// <param name="volumeLevel">Scale of 0-100.</param>
+        /// <param name="playMethod">The play method.</param>
+        /// <param name="liveStreamId">The live stream id.</param>
+        /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session id.</param>
+        /// <param name="repeatMode">The repeat mode.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Play progress recorded.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("/Users/{userId}/PlayingItems/{itemId}/Progress")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
+        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "userId", Justification = "Required for ServiceStack")]
+        public async Task<ActionResult> OnPlaybackProgress(
+            [FromRoute] Guid userId,
+            [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
+            [FromQuery] string mediaSourceId,
+            [FromQuery] long? positionTicks,
+            [FromQuery] bool isPaused,
+            [FromQuery] bool isMuted,
+            [FromQuery] int? audioStreamIndex,
+            [FromQuery] int? subtitleStreamIndex,
+            [FromQuery] int? volumeLevel,
+            [FromQuery] PlayMethod playMethod,
+            [FromQuery] string liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] string playSessionId,
+            [FromQuery] RepeatMode repeatMode)
+        {
+            var playbackProgressInfo = new PlaybackProgressInfo
+            {
+                ItemId = itemId,
+                PositionTicks = positionTicks,
+                IsMuted = isMuted,
+                IsPaused = isPaused,
+                MediaSourceId = mediaSourceId,
+                AudioStreamIndex = audioStreamIndex,
+                SubtitleStreamIndex = subtitleStreamIndex,
+                VolumeLevel = volumeLevel,
+                PlayMethod = playMethod,
+                PlaySessionId = playSessionId,
+                LiveStreamId = liveStreamId,
+                RepeatMode = repeatMode
+            };
+
+            playbackProgressInfo.PlayMethod = ValidatePlayMethod(playbackProgressInfo.PlayMethod, playbackProgressInfo.PlaySessionId);
+            playbackProgressInfo.SessionId = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request).Id;
+            await _sessionManager.OnPlaybackProgress(playbackProgressInfo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reports that a user has stopped playing an item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemId">Item id.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaSourceId">The id of the MediaSource.</param>
+        /// <param name="nextMediaType">The next media type that will play.</param>
+        /// <param name="positionTicks">Optional. The position, in ticks, where playback stopped. 1 tick = 10000 ms.</param>
+        /// <param name="liveStreamId">The live stream id.</param>
+        /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session id.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Playback stop recorded.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpDelete("/Users/{userId}/PlayingItems/{itemId}")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
+        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "userId", Justification = "Required for ServiceStack")]
+        public async Task<ActionResult> OnPlaybackStopped(
+            [FromRoute] Guid userId,
+            [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
+            [FromQuery] string mediaSourceId,
+            [FromQuery] string nextMediaType,
+            [FromQuery] long? positionTicks,
+            [FromQuery] string liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] string playSessionId)
+        {
+            var playbackStopInfo = new PlaybackStopInfo
+            {
+                ItemId = itemId,
+                PositionTicks = positionTicks,
+                MediaSourceId = mediaSourceId,
+                PlaySessionId = playSessionId,
+                LiveStreamId = liveStreamId,
+                NextMediaType = nextMediaType
+            };
+
+            _logger.LogDebug("ReportPlaybackStopped PlaySessionId: {0}", playbackStopInfo.PlaySessionId ?? string.Empty);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(playbackStopInfo.PlaySessionId))
+            {
+                await _transcodingJobHelper.KillTranscodingJobs(_authContext.GetAuthorizationInfo(Request).DeviceId, playbackStopInfo.PlaySessionId, s => true).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            playbackStopInfo.SessionId = RequestHelpers.GetSession(_sessionManager, _authContext, Request).Id;
+            await _sessionManager.OnPlaybackStopped(playbackStopInfo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the played status.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="user">The user.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemId">The item id.</param>
+        /// <param name="wasPlayed">if set to <c>true</c> [was played].</param>
+        /// <param name="datePlayed">The date played.</param>
+        /// <returns>Task.</returns>
+        private UserItemDataDto UpdatePlayedStatus(User user, Guid itemId, bool wasPlayed, DateTime? datePlayed)
+        {
+            var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(itemId);
+
+            if (wasPlayed)
+            {
+                item.MarkPlayed(user, datePlayed, true);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                item.MarkUnplayed(user);
+            }
+
+            return _userDataRepository.GetUserDataDto(item, user);
+        }
+
+        private PlayMethod ValidatePlayMethod(PlayMethod method, string playSessionId)
+        {
+            if (method == PlayMethod.Transcode)
+            {
+                var job = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(playSessionId) ? null : _transcodingJobHelper.GetTranscodingJob(playSessionId);
+                if (job == null)
+                {
+                    return PlayMethod.DirectPlay;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return method;
+        }
+    }
+}
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5d34b07d1ff7239c7961381fc71559d377e7a96b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: crobibero <cody@robibe.ro>
Date: Tue, 7 Jul 2020 09:10:51 -0600
Subject: Make query parameters nullable or set default value

---
 Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs      |   2 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs       |   4 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs      | 102 +++++++-------
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs     |  22 +--
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/CollectionController.cs   |   6 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs       |  12 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs       |  54 +++----
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs   |  44 ++++--
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs        |  10 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs      |  56 ++++----
 .../Controllers/LibraryStructureController.cs      |  20 +--
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs       | 156 +++++++++++----------
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MediaInfoController.cs    |  40 +++---
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs       |  26 ++--
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs  |  54 +++----
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs      |  54 +++----
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs    |   4 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs    |  32 ++---
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs  |   2 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs       |   4 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SessionController.cs      |  12 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs      |  54 +++----
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs     |   4 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SuggestionsController.cs  |   6 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs     |   2 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs      |  26 ++--
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs  |   6 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserViewsController.cs    |   6 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideosController.cs       |   6 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs        |  12 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs         |  12 +-
 31 files changed, 442 insertions(+), 408 deletions(-)

(limited to 'Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs')

diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs
index 50b6468db..9fde175d0 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Auth
         {
             // Ensure claim has userId.
             var userId = ClaimHelpers.GetUserId(claimsPrincipal);
-            if (userId == null)
+            if (!userId.HasValue)
             {
                 return false;
             }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs
index 70315b0a3..01ba7fc32 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSimilarAlbums(
             [FromRoute] string albumId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeArtistIds,
             [FromQuery] int? limit)
         {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSimilarArtists(
             [FromRoute] string artistId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeArtistIds,
             [FromQuery] int? limit)
         {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs
index 6b2084170..d39021446 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs
@@ -83,31 +83,31 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string searchTerm,
-            [FromQuery] string parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
-            [FromQuery] string excludeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string filters,
+            [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
+            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string genres,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string tags,
-            [FromQuery] string years,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? genres,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
+            [FromQuery] string? tags,
+            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string person,
-            [FromQuery] string personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string studios,
-            [FromQuery] string studioIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWith,
-            [FromQuery] string nameLessThan,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? person,
+            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? studios,
+            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameLessThan,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             User? user = null;
             BaseItem parentItem;
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
             else
@@ -292,31 +292,31 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string searchTerm,
-            [FromQuery] string parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
-            [FromQuery] string excludeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string filters,
+            [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
+            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string genres,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string tags,
-            [FromQuery] string years,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? genres,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
+            [FromQuery] string? tags,
+            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string person,
-            [FromQuery] string personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string studios,
-            [FromQuery] string studioIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWith,
-            [FromQuery] string nameLessThan,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? person,
+            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? studios,
+            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameLessThan,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             User? user = null;
             BaseItem parentItem;
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
             else
@@ -469,15 +469,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the artist.</returns>
         [HttpGet("{name}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetArtistByName([FromRoute] string name, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetArtistByName([FromRoute] string name, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
 
             var item = _libraryManager.GetArtist(name, dtoOptions);
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
 
                 return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions, user);
             }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs
index a293a78a0..bdd7dfd96 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetChannels(
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] bool? supportsLatestItems,
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             {
                 Limit = limit,
                 StartIndex = startIndex,
-                UserId = userId,
+                UserId = userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                 SupportsLatestItems = supportsLatestItems,
                 SupportsMediaDeletion = supportsMediaDeletion,
                 IsFavorite = isFavorite
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
             [FromQuery] string? fields)
         {
-            var user = userId == null
-                ? null
-                : _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
@@ -195,13 +195,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string filters,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
-            [FromQuery] string channelIds)
+            [FromQuery] string? filters,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? channelIds)
         {
-            var user = userId == null || userId == Guid.Empty
-                ? null
-                : _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/CollectionController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/CollectionController.cs
index 7ff98b251..6f78a7d84 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/CollectionController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/CollectionController.cs
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="name">The name of the collection.</param>
         /// <param name="ids">Item Ids to add to the collection.</param>
-        /// <param name="isLocked">Whether or not to lock the new collection.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Optional. Create the collection within a specific folder.</param>
+        /// <param name="isLocked">Whether or not to lock the new collection.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Collection created.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="CollectionCreationOptions"/> with information about the new collection.</returns>
         [HttpPost]
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<CollectionCreationResult> CreateCollection(
             [FromQuery] string? name,
             [FromQuery] string? ids,
-            [FromQuery] bool isLocked,
-            [FromQuery] Guid? parentId)
+            [FromQuery] Guid? parentId,
+            [FromQuery] bool isLocked = false)
         {
             var userId = _authContext.GetAuthorizationInfo(Request).UserId;
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs
index 8a0a6ad86..288d4c545 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 ? null
                 : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
 
-            var user = userId == null || userId == Guid.Empty
-                ? null
-                : _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             if (string.Equals(includeItemTypes, nameof(BoxSet), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 || string.Equals(includeItemTypes, nameof(Playlist), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 ? null
                 : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
 
-            var user = userId == null || userId == Guid.Empty
-                ? null
-                : _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             if (string.Equals(includeItemTypes, nameof(BoxSet), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 || string.Equals(includeItemTypes, nameof(Playlist), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs
index d57989a8a..55ad71200 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs
@@ -84,31 +84,31 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string searchTerm,
-            [FromQuery] string parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
-            [FromQuery] string excludeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string filters,
+            [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
+            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string genres,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string tags,
-            [FromQuery] string years,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? genres,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
+            [FromQuery] string? tags,
+            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string person,
-            [FromQuery] string personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string studios,
-            [FromQuery] string studioIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWith,
-            [FromQuery] string nameLessThan,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? person,
+            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? studios,
+            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameLessThan,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             User? user = null;
             BaseItem parentItem;
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
             else
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the genre.</returns>
         [HttpGet("{genreName}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetGenre([FromRoute] string genreName, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetGenre([FromRoute] string genreName, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddClientFields(Request);
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 item = _libraryManager.GetGenre(genreName);
             }
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
 
                 return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions, user);
             }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs
index 9d945fe2b..bb980af3e 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetInstantMixFromSong(
             [FromRoute] Guid id,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
@@ -72,7 +72,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetInstantMixFromAlbum(
             [FromRoute] Guid id,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
@@ -107,7 +109,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes)
         {
             var album = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetInstantMixFromPlaylist(
             [FromRoute] Guid id,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
@@ -142,7 +146,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes)
         {
             var playlist = (Playlist)_libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
@@ -168,7 +174,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetInstantMixFromMusicGenre(
             [FromRoute] string? name,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
@@ -176,7 +182,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
@@ -202,7 +210,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetInstantMixFromArtists(
             [FromRoute] Guid id,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
@@ -211,7 +219,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
@@ -237,7 +247,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetInstantMixFromMusicGenres(
             [FromRoute] Guid id,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
@@ -246,7 +256,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
@@ -272,7 +284,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetInstantMixFromItem(
             [FromRoute] Guid id,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
@@ -281,7 +293,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
@@ -290,7 +304,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             return GetResult(items, user, limit, dtoOptions);
         }
 
-        private QueryResult<BaseItemDto> GetResult(List<BaseItem> items, User user, int? limit, DtoOptions dtoOptions)
+        private QueryResult<BaseItemDto> GetResult(List<BaseItem> items, User? user, int? limit, DtoOptions dtoOptions)
         {
             var list = items;
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs
index e1dd4af10..41fe47db1 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("/Users/{uId}/Items")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetItems(
-            [FromRoute] Guid uId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromRoute] Guid? uId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? maxOfficialRating,
             [FromQuery] bool? hasThemeSong,
             [FromQuery] bool? hasThemeVideo,
@@ -226,9 +226,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true)
         {
             // use user id route parameter over query parameter
-            userId = (uId != null) ? uId : userId;
+            userId = uId ?? userId;
 
-            var user = userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? null : _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs
index f1106cda6..2466b2ac8 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
         public ActionResult<ThemeMediaResult> GetThemeSongs(
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] bool inheritFromParent)
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] bool inheritFromParent = false)
         {
-            var user = !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId)
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
 
             var item = itemId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
@@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
         public ActionResult<ThemeMediaResult> GetThemeVideos(
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] bool inheritFromParent)
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] bool inheritFromParent = false)
         {
-            var user = !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId)
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
 
             var item = itemId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
@@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<AllThemeMediaResult> GetThemeMedia(
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] bool inheritFromParent)
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] bool inheritFromParent = false)
         {
             var themeSongs = GetThemeSongs(
                 itemId,
@@ -361,12 +361,14 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized)]
-        public ActionResult DeleteItems([FromQuery] string ids)
+        public ActionResult DeleteItems([FromQuery] string? ids)
         {
-            var itemIds = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ids)
-                ? Array.Empty<string>()
-                : RequestHelpers.Split(ids, ',', true);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ids))
+            {
+                return NoContent();
+            }
 
+            var itemIds = RequestHelpers.Split(ids, ',', true);
             foreach (var i in itemIds)
             {
                 var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(i);
@@ -403,12 +405,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<ItemCounts> GetItemCounts(
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite)
         {
-            var user = userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? null
-                : _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var counts = new ItemCounts
             {
@@ -437,7 +439,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
-        public ActionResult<IEnumerable<BaseItemDto>> GetAncestors([FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<IEnumerable<BaseItemDto>> GetAncestors([FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(itemId);
 
@@ -448,8 +450,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 
             var baseItemDtos = new List<BaseItemDto>();
 
-            var user = !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId)
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
 
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
@@ -688,7 +690,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSimilarItems(
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeArtistIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields)
         {
@@ -737,7 +739,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("/Libraries/AvailableOptions")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.FirstTimeSetupOrElevated)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<LibraryOptionsResultDto> GetLibraryOptionsInfo([FromQuery] string? libraryContentType, [FromQuery] bool isNewLibrary)
+        public ActionResult<LibraryOptionsResultDto> GetLibraryOptionsInfo(
+            [FromQuery] string? libraryContentType,
+            [FromQuery] bool isNewLibrary = false)
         {
             var result = new LibraryOptionsResultDto();
 
@@ -878,13 +882,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         private QueryResult<BaseItemDto> GetSimilarItemsResult(
             BaseItem item,
             string? excludeArtistIds,
-            Guid userId,
+            Guid? userId,
             int? limit,
             string? fields,
             string[] includeItemTypes,
             bool isMovie)
         {
-            var user = !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId) : null;
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request);
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryStructureController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryStructureController.cs
index 0c91f8447..881d3f192 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryStructureController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryStructureController.cs
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="name">The name of the virtual folder.</param>
         /// <param name="collectionType">The type of the collection.</param>
-        /// <param name="refreshLibrary">Whether to refresh the library.</param>
         /// <param name="paths">The paths of the virtual folder.</param>
         /// <param name="libraryOptions">The library options.</param>
+        /// <param name="refreshLibrary">Whether to refresh the library.</param>
         /// <response code="204">Folder added.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
         [HttpPost]
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public async Task<ActionResult> AddVirtualFolder(
             [FromQuery] string? name,
             [FromQuery] string? collectionType,
-            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary,
             [FromQuery] string[] paths,
-            [FromQuery] LibraryOptions libraryOptions)
+            [FromQuery] LibraryOptions? libraryOptions,
+            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary = false)
         {
             libraryOptions ??= new LibraryOptions();
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
         public async Task<ActionResult> RemoveVirtualFolder(
             [FromQuery] string? name,
-            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary)
+            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary = false)
         {
             await _libraryManager.RemoveVirtualFolder(name, refreshLibrary).ConfigureAwait(false);
             return NoContent();
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult RenameVirtualFolder(
             [FromQuery] string? name,
             [FromQuery] string? newName,
-            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary)
+            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary = false)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
             {
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult AddMediaPath(
             [FromQuery] string? name,
             [FromQuery] string? path,
-            [FromQuery] MediaPathInfo pathInfo,
-            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary)
+            [FromQuery] MediaPathInfo? pathInfo,
+            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary = false)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
             {
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
         public ActionResult UpdateMediaPath(
             [FromQuery] string? name,
-            [FromQuery] MediaPathInfo pathInfo)
+            [FromQuery] MediaPathInfo? pathInfo)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
             {
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult RemoveMediaPath(
             [FromQuery] string? name,
             [FromQuery] string? path,
-            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary)
+            [FromQuery] bool refreshLibrary = false)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
             {
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
         public ActionResult UpdateLibraryOptions(
             [FromQuery] string? id,
-            [FromQuery] LibraryOptions libraryOptions)
+            [FromQuery] LibraryOptions? libraryOptions)
         {
             var collectionFolder = (CollectionFolder)_libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs
index 325837ce3..bc5446510 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs
@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="isFavorite">Optional. Filter by channels that are favorites, or not.</param>
         /// <param name="isLiked">Optional. Filter by channels that are liked, or not.</param>
         /// <param name="isDisliked">Optional. Filter by channels that are disliked, or not.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableFavoriteSorting">Optional. Incorporate favorite and like status into channel sorting.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">"Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
@@ -121,6 +120,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="sortBy">Optional. Key to sort by.</param>
         /// <param name="sortOrder">Optional. Sort order.</param>
+        /// <param name="enableFavoriteSorting">Optional. Incorporate favorite and like status into channel sorting.</param>
         /// <param name="addCurrentProgram">Optional. Adds current program info to each channel.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Available live tv channels returned.</response>
         /// <returns>
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetChannels(
             [FromQuery] ChannelType? type,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] bool? isMovie,
             [FromQuery] bool? isSeries,
@@ -142,14 +142,14 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
             [FromQuery] bool? isLiked,
             [FromQuery] bool? isDisliked,
-            [FromQuery] bool enableFavoriteSorting,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
-            [FromQuery] string sortBy,
+            [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
             [FromQuery] SortOrder? sortOrder,
+            [FromQuery] bool enableFavoriteSorting = false,
             [FromQuery] bool addCurrentProgram = true)
         {
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 new LiveTvChannelQuery
                 {
                     ChannelType = type,
-                    UserId = userId,
+                    UserId = userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                     StartIndex = startIndex,
                     Limit = limit,
                     IsFavorite = isFavorite,
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 dtoOptions,
                 CancellationToken.None);
 
-            var user = userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? null
-                : _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var fieldsList = dtoOptions.Fields.ToList();
             fieldsList.Remove(ItemFields.CanDelete);
@@ -210,9 +210,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("Channels/{channelId}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetChannel([FromRoute] Guid channelId, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetChannel([FromRoute] Guid channelId, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var item = channelId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder()
                 : _libraryManager.GetItemById(channelId);
@@ -250,17 +252,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetRecordings(
-            [FromQuery] string channelId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? channelId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] RecordingStatus? status,
             [FromQuery] bool? isInProgress,
-            [FromQuery] string seriesTimerId,
+            [FromQuery] string? seriesTimerId,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] bool? isMovie,
             [FromQuery] bool? isSeries,
@@ -279,7 +281,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 new RecordingQuery
             {
                 ChannelId = channelId,
-                UserId = userId,
+                UserId = userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                 StartIndex = startIndex,
                 Limit = limit,
                 Status = status,
@@ -336,18 +338,18 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "enableUserData", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "enableTotalRecordCount", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetRecordingsSeries(
-            [FromQuery] string channelId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string groupId,
+            [FromQuery] string? channelId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? groupId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] RecordingStatus? status,
             [FromQuery] bool? isInProgress,
-            [FromQuery] string seriesTimerId,
+            [FromQuery] string? seriesTimerId,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -365,7 +367,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [Obsolete("This endpoint is obsolete.")]
         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "userId", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetRecordingGroups([FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetRecordingGroups([FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>();
         }
@@ -379,9 +381,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("Recordings/Folders")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
-        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetRecordingFolders([FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetRecordingFolders([FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
-            var user = userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? null : _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var folders = _liveTvManager.GetRecordingFolders(user);
 
             var returnArray = _dtoService.GetBaseItemDtos(folders, new DtoOptions(), user);
@@ -403,9 +407,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("Recordings/{recordingId}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetRecording([FromRoute] Guid recordingId, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetRecording([FromRoute] Guid recordingId, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var item = recordingId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(recordingId);
 
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
@@ -457,7 +463,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("Timers/Defaults")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
-        public async Task<ActionResult<SeriesTimerInfoDto>> GetDefaultTimer([FromQuery] string programId)
+        public async Task<ActionResult<SeriesTimerInfoDto>> GetDefaultTimer([FromQuery] string? programId)
         {
             return string.IsNullOrEmpty(programId)
                 ? await _liveTvManager.GetNewTimerDefaults(CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false)
@@ -478,8 +484,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<QueryResult<TimerInfoDto>>> GetTimers(
-            [FromQuery] string channelId,
-            [FromQuery] string seriesTimerId,
+            [FromQuery] string? channelId,
+            [FromQuery] string? seriesTimerId,
             [FromQuery] bool? isActive,
             [FromQuery] bool? isScheduled)
         {
@@ -532,8 +538,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>>> GetPrograms(
-            [FromQuery] string channelIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? channelIds,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] DateTime? minStartDate,
             [FromQuery] bool? hasAired,
             [FromQuery] bool? isAiring,
@@ -547,20 +553,22 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? isSports,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string sortBy,
-            [FromQuery] string sortOrder,
-            [FromQuery] string genres,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
+            [FromQuery] string? sortOrder,
+            [FromQuery] string? genres,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
-            [FromQuery] string seriesTimerId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid librarySeriesId,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? seriesTimerId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? librarySeriesId,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var user = userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? null : _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
@@ -590,7 +598,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             {
                 query.IsSeries = true;
 
-                if (_libraryManager.GetItemById(librarySeriesId) is Series series)
+                if (_libraryManager.GetItemById(librarySeriesId ?? Guid.Empty) is Series series)
                 {
                     query.Name = series.Name;
                 }
@@ -684,7 +692,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetRecommendedPrograms(
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] bool? isAiring,
             [FromQuery] bool? hasAired,
@@ -695,13 +703,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? isSports,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
@@ -736,11 +746,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<BaseItemDto>> GetProgram(
             [FromRoute] string programId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
-            var user = userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? null
-                : _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             return await _liveTvManager.GetProgram(programId, CancellationToken.None, user).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
@@ -856,12 +866,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("SeriesTimers")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public async Task<ActionResult<QueryResult<SeriesTimerInfoDto>>> GetSeriesTimers([FromQuery] string sortBy, [FromQuery] SortOrder sortOrder)
+        public async Task<ActionResult<QueryResult<SeriesTimerInfoDto>>> GetSeriesTimers([FromQuery] string? sortBy, [FromQuery] SortOrder? sortOrder)
         {
             return await _liveTvManager.GetSeriesTimers(
                 new SeriesTimerQuery
                 {
-                    SortOrder = sortOrder,
+                    SortOrder = sortOrder ?? SortOrder.Ascending,
                     SortBy = sortBy
                 }, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
@@ -925,7 +935,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
         [Obsolete("This endpoint is obsolete.")]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetRecordingGroup([FromQuery] Guid groupId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetRecordingGroup([FromQuery] Guid? groupId)
         {
             return NotFound();
         }
@@ -966,7 +976,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpDelete("TunerHosts")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
-        public ActionResult DeleteTunerHost([FromQuery] string id)
+        public ActionResult DeleteTunerHost([FromQuery] string? id)
         {
             var config = _configurationManager.GetConfiguration<LiveTvOptions>("livetv");
             config.TunerHosts = config.TunerHosts.Where(i => !string.Equals(id, i.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).ToArray();
@@ -990,10 +1000,10 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <summary>
         /// Adds a listings provider.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="validateLogin">Validate login.</param>
-        /// <param name="validateListings">Validate listings.</param>
         /// <param name="pw">Password.</param>
         /// <param name="listingsProviderInfo">New listings info.</param>
+        /// <param name="validateListings">Validate listings.</param>
+        /// <param name="validateLogin">Validate login.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Created listings provider returned.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the created listings provider.</returns>
         [HttpGet("ListingProviders")]
@@ -1001,10 +1011,10 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA5350:RemoveSha1", MessageId = "AddListingProvider", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
         public async Task<ActionResult<ListingsProviderInfo>> AddListingProvider(
-            [FromQuery] bool validateLogin,
-            [FromQuery] bool validateListings,
-            [FromQuery] string pw,
-            [FromBody] ListingsProviderInfo listingsProviderInfo)
+            [FromQuery] string? pw,
+            [FromBody] ListingsProviderInfo listingsProviderInfo,
+            [FromQuery] bool validateListings = false,
+            [FromQuery] bool validateLogin = false)
         {
             using var sha = SHA1.Create();
             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(pw))
@@ -1024,7 +1034,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpDelete("ListingProviders")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
-        public ActionResult DeleteListingProvider([FromQuery] string id)
+        public ActionResult DeleteListingProvider([FromQuery] string? id)
         {
             _liveTvManager.DeleteListingsProvider(id);
             return NoContent();
@@ -1043,10 +1053,10 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<IEnumerable<NameIdPair>>> GetLineups(
-            [FromQuery] string id,
-            [FromQuery] string type,
-            [FromQuery] string location,
-            [FromQuery] string country)
+            [FromQuery] string? id,
+            [FromQuery] string? type,
+            [FromQuery] string? location,
+            [FromQuery] string? country)
         {
             return await _liveTvManager.GetLineups(type, id, country, location).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
@@ -1079,7 +1089,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("ChannelMappingOptions")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public async Task<ActionResult<ChannelMappingOptionsDto>> GetChannelMappingOptions([FromQuery] string providerId)
+        public async Task<ActionResult<ChannelMappingOptionsDto>> GetChannelMappingOptions([FromQuery] string? providerId)
         {
             var config = _configurationManager.GetConfiguration<LiveTvOptions>("livetv");
 
@@ -1120,9 +1130,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<TunerChannelMapping>> SetChannelMapping(
-            [FromQuery] string providerId,
-            [FromQuery] string tunerChannelId,
-            [FromQuery] string providerChannelId)
+            [FromQuery] string? providerId,
+            [FromQuery] string? tunerChannelId,
+            [FromQuery] string? providerChannelId)
         {
             return await _liveTvManager.SetChannelMapping(providerId, tunerChannelId, providerChannelId).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
@@ -1149,7 +1159,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("Tuners/Discvover")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public async Task<ActionResult<IEnumerable<TunerHostInfo>>> DiscoverTuners([FromQuery] bool newDevicesOnly)
+        public async Task<ActionResult<IEnumerable<TunerHostInfo>>> DiscoverTuners([FromQuery] bool newDevicesOnly = false)
         {
             return await _liveTvManager.DiscoverTuners(newDevicesOnly, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MediaInfoController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MediaInfoController.cs
index daf4bf419..da400f510 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MediaInfoController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MediaInfoController.cs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> containing a <see cref="PlaybackInfoResponse"/> with the playback information.</returns>
         [HttpGet("/Items/{itemId}/PlaybackInfo")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public async Task<ActionResult<PlaybackInfoResponse>> GetPlaybackInfo([FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public async Task<ActionResult<PlaybackInfoResponse>> GetPlaybackInfo([FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             return await GetPlaybackInfoInternal(itemId, userId, null, null).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
@@ -118,16 +118,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<PlaybackInfoResponse>> GetPostedPlaybackInfo(
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] long? maxStreamingBitrate,
             [FromQuery] long? startTimeTicks,
             [FromQuery] int? audioStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? subtitleStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? maxAudioChannels,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaSourceId,
-            [FromQuery] string liveStreamId,
-            [FromQuery] DeviceProfile deviceProfile,
-            [FromQuery] bool autoOpenLiveStream,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaSourceId,
+            [FromQuery] string? liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] DeviceProfile? deviceProfile,
+            [FromQuery] bool autoOpenLiveStream = false,
             [FromQuery] bool enableDirectPlay = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableDirectStream = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTranscoding = true,
@@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                         authInfo,
                         maxStreamingBitrate ?? profile.MaxStreamingBitrate,
                         startTimeTicks ?? 0,
-                        mediaSourceId,
+                        mediaSourceId ?? string.Empty,
                         audioStreamIndex,
                         subtitleStreamIndex,
                         maxAudioChannels,
                         info!.PlaySessionId!,
-                        userId,
+                        userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                         enableDirectPlay,
                         enableDirectStream,
                         enableTranscoding,
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                         PlaySessionId = info.PlaySessionId,
                         StartTimeTicks = startTimeTicks,
                         SubtitleStreamIndex = subtitleStreamIndex,
-                        UserId = userId,
+                        UserId = userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                         OpenToken = mediaSource.OpenToken
                     }).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
@@ -239,16 +239,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpPost("/LiveStreams/Open")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<LiveStreamResponse>> OpenLiveStream(
-            [FromQuery] string openToken,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string playSessionId,
+            [FromQuery] string? openToken,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? playSessionId,
             [FromQuery] long? maxStreamingBitrate,
             [FromQuery] long? startTimeTicks,
             [FromQuery] int? audioStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? subtitleStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? maxAudioChannels,
-            [FromQuery] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] DeviceProfile deviceProfile,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? itemId,
+            [FromQuery] DeviceProfile? deviceProfile,
             [FromQuery] MediaProtocol[] directPlayProtocols,
             [FromQuery] bool enableDirectPlay = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableDirectStream = true)
@@ -256,14 +256,14 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var request = new LiveStreamRequest
             {
                 OpenToken = openToken,
-                UserId = userId,
+                UserId = userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                 PlaySessionId = playSessionId,
                 MaxStreamingBitrate = maxStreamingBitrate,
                 StartTimeTicks = startTimeTicks,
                 AudioStreamIndex = audioStreamIndex,
                 SubtitleStreamIndex = subtitleStreamIndex,
                 MaxAudioChannels = maxAudioChannels,
-                ItemId = itemId,
+                ItemId = itemId ?? Guid.Empty,
                 DeviceProfile = deviceProfile,
                 EnableDirectPlay = enableDirectPlay,
                 EnableDirectStream = enableDirectStream,
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/> indicating success.</returns>
         [HttpPost("/LiveStreams/Close")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
-        public ActionResult CloseLiveStream([FromQuery] string liveStreamId)
+        public ActionResult CloseLiveStream([FromQuery] string? liveStreamId)
         {
             _mediaSourceManager.CloseLiveStream(liveStreamId).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
             return NoContent();
@@ -325,11 +325,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 
         private async Task<PlaybackInfoResponse> GetPlaybackInfoInternal(
             Guid id,
-            Guid userId,
+            Guid? userId,
             string? mediaSourceId = null,
             string? liveStreamId = null)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
             var result = new PlaybackInfoResponse();
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs
index 4dd3613c6..144a7b554 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs
@@ -55,32 +55,22 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableImages">(Unused) Optional. include image information in output.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableUserData">(Unused) Optional. include user data.</param>
-        /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">(Unused) Optional. the max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableImageTypes">(Unused) Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="fields">Optional. The fields to return.</param>
         /// <param name="categoryLimit">The max number of categories to return.</param>
         /// <param name="itemLimit">The max number of items to return per category.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Movie recommendations returned.</response>
         /// <returns>The list of movie recommendations.</returns>
         [HttpGet("Recommendations")]
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "enableImages", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "enableUserData", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "imageTypeLimit", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "enableImageTypes", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
         public ActionResult<IEnumerable<RecommendationDto>> GetMovieRecommendations(
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string parentId,
-            [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
-            [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
-            [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] int categoryLimit = 5,
             [FromQuery] int itemLimit = 8)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddItemFields(fields)
                 .AddClientFields(Request);
@@ -185,7 +175,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         }
 
         private IEnumerable<RecommendationDto> GetWithDirector(
-            User user,
+            User? user,
             IEnumerable<string> names,
             int itemLimit,
             DtoOptions dtoOptions,
@@ -230,7 +220,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             }
         }
 
-        private IEnumerable<RecommendationDto> GetWithActor(User user, IEnumerable<string> names, int itemLimit, DtoOptions dtoOptions, RecommendationType type)
+        private IEnumerable<RecommendationDto> GetWithActor(User? user, IEnumerable<string> names, int itemLimit, DtoOptions dtoOptions, RecommendationType type)
         {
             var itemTypes = new List<string> { nameof(Movie) };
             if (_serverConfigurationManager.Configuration.EnableExternalContentInSuggestions)
@@ -270,7 +260,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             }
         }
 
-        private IEnumerable<RecommendationDto> GetSimilarTo(User user, IEnumerable<BaseItem> baselineItems, int itemLimit, DtoOptions dtoOptions, RecommendationType type)
+        private IEnumerable<RecommendationDto> GetSimilarTo(User? user, IEnumerable<BaseItem> baselineItems, int itemLimit, DtoOptions dtoOptions, RecommendationType type)
         {
             var itemTypes = new List<string> { nameof(Movie) };
             if (_serverConfigurationManager.Configuration.EnableExternalContentInSuggestions)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs
index 9ac74f199..0d319137a 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs
@@ -83,31 +83,31 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string searchTerm,
-            [FromQuery] string parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
-            [FromQuery] string excludeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string filters,
+            [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
+            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string genres,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string tags,
-            [FromQuery] string years,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? genres,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
+            [FromQuery] string? tags,
+            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string person,
-            [FromQuery] string personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string studios,
-            [FromQuery] string studioIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWith,
-            [FromQuery] string nameLessThan,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? person,
+            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? studios,
+            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameLessThan,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             User? user = null;
             BaseItem parentItem;
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
             else
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing a <see cref="BaseItemDto"/> with the music genre.</returns>
         [HttpGet("{genreName}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetMusicGenre([FromRoute] string genreName, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetMusicGenre([FromRoute] string genreName, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
 
@@ -273,9 +273,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 item = _libraryManager.GetMusicGenre(genreName);
             }
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
 
                 return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions, user);
             }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs
index 03478a20a..23cc23ce7 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs
@@ -80,31 +80,31 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string searchTerm,
-            [FromQuery] string parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
-            [FromQuery] string excludeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string filters,
+            [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
+            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string genres,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string tags,
-            [FromQuery] string years,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? genres,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
+            [FromQuery] string? tags,
+            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string person,
-            [FromQuery] string personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string studios,
-            [FromQuery] string studioIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWith,
-            [FromQuery] string nameLessThan,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? person,
+            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? studios,
+            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameLessThan,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             User? user = null;
             BaseItem parentItem;
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
             else
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("{name}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetPerson([FromRoute] string name, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetPerson([FromRoute] string name, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddClientFields(Request);
@@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 return NotFound();
             }
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions, user);
             }
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs
index d62404fc9..cf4660494 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult AddToPlaylist(
             [FromRoute] string? playlistId,
             [FromQuery] string? ids,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
-            _playlistManager.AddToPlaylist(playlistId, RequestHelpers.GetGuids(ids), userId);
+            _playlistManager.AddToPlaylist(playlistId, RequestHelpers.GetGuids(ids), userId ?? Guid.Empty);
             return NoContent();
         }
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
index 05a6edf4e..9fcf04199 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
@@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
         /// <param name="itemId">Item id.</param>
         /// <param name="mediaSourceId">The id of the MediaSource.</param>
-        /// <param name="canSeek">Indicates if the client can seek.</param>
         /// <param name="audioStreamIndex">The audio stream index.</param>
         /// <param name="subtitleStreamIndex">The subtitle stream index.</param>
         /// <param name="playMethod">The play method.</param>
         /// <param name="liveStreamId">The live stream id.</param>
         /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session id.</param>
+        /// <param name="canSeek">Indicates if the client can seek.</param>
         /// <response code="204">Play start recorded.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
         [HttpPost("/Users/{userId}/PlayingItems/{itemId}")]
@@ -202,13 +202,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public async Task<ActionResult> OnPlaybackStart(
             [FromRoute] Guid userId,
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaSourceId,
-            [FromQuery] bool canSeek,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaSourceId,
             [FromQuery] int? audioStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? subtitleStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] PlayMethod playMethod,
-            [FromQuery] string liveStreamId,
-            [FromQuery] string playSessionId)
+            [FromQuery] string? liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] string playSessionId,
+            [FromQuery] bool canSeek = false)
         {
             var playbackStartInfo = new PlaybackStartInfo
             {
@@ -235,8 +235,6 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="itemId">Item id.</param>
         /// <param name="mediaSourceId">The id of the MediaSource.</param>
         /// <param name="positionTicks">Optional. The current position, in ticks. 1 tick = 10000 ms.</param>
-        /// <param name="isPaused">Indicates if the player is paused.</param>
-        /// <param name="isMuted">Indicates if the player is muted.</param>
         /// <param name="audioStreamIndex">The audio stream index.</param>
         /// <param name="subtitleStreamIndex">The subtitle stream index.</param>
         /// <param name="volumeLevel">Scale of 0-100.</param>
@@ -244,6 +242,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="liveStreamId">The live stream id.</param>
         /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session id.</param>
         /// <param name="repeatMode">The repeat mode.</param>
+        /// <param name="isPaused">Indicates if the player is paused.</param>
+        /// <param name="isMuted">Indicates if the player is muted.</param>
         /// <response code="204">Play progress recorded.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
         [HttpPost("/Users/{userId}/PlayingItems/{itemId}/Progress")]
@@ -252,17 +252,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public async Task<ActionResult> OnPlaybackProgress(
             [FromRoute] Guid userId,
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaSourceId,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaSourceId,
             [FromQuery] long? positionTicks,
-            [FromQuery] bool isPaused,
-            [FromQuery] bool isMuted,
             [FromQuery] int? audioStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? subtitleStreamIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? volumeLevel,
             [FromQuery] PlayMethod playMethod,
-            [FromQuery] string liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] string? liveStreamId,
             [FromQuery] string playSessionId,
-            [FromQuery] RepeatMode repeatMode)
+            [FromQuery] RepeatMode repeatMode,
+            [FromQuery] bool isPaused = false,
+            [FromQuery] bool isMuted = false)
         {
             var playbackProgressInfo = new PlaybackProgressInfo
             {
@@ -304,11 +304,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public async Task<ActionResult> OnPlaybackStopped(
             [FromRoute] Guid userId,
             [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaSourceId,
-            [FromQuery] string nextMediaType,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaSourceId,
+            [FromQuery] string? nextMediaType,
             [FromQuery] long? positionTicks,
-            [FromQuery] string liveStreamId,
-            [FromQuery] string playSessionId)
+            [FromQuery] string? liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] string? playSessionId)
         {
             var playbackStopInfo = new PlaybackStopInfo
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs
index 6fff30129..1b26163cf 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string providerName,
-            [FromQuery] bool includeAllLanguages)
+            [FromQuery] bool includeAllLanguages = false)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(itemId);
             if (item == null)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs
index 14dc0815c..2cbd32d2f 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<SearchHintResult> Get(
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery, Required] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 IncludePeople = includePeople,
                 IncludeStudios = includeStudios,
                 StartIndex = startIndex,
-                UserId = userId,
+                UserId = userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                 IncludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(includeItemTypes, ',', true),
                 ExcludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(excludeItemTypes, ',', true),
                 MediaTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(mediaTypes, ',', true),
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SessionController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SessionController.cs
index bd738aa38..0c98a8e71 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SessionController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SessionController.cs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<IEnumerable<SessionInfo>> GetSessions(
-            [FromQuery] Guid controllableByUserId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? controllableByUserId,
             [FromQuery] string? deviceId,
             [FromQuery] int? activeWithinSeconds)
         {
@@ -72,15 +72,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 result = result.Where(i => string.Equals(i.DeviceId, deviceId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
             }
 
-            if (!controllableByUserId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (controllableByUserId.HasValue && !controllableByUserId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
                 result = result.Where(i => i.SupportsRemoteControl);
 
-                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(controllableByUserId);
+                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(controllableByUserId.Value);
 
                 if (!user.HasPermission(PermissionKind.EnableRemoteControlOfOtherUsers))
                 {
-                    result = result.Where(i => i.UserId.Equals(Guid.Empty) || i.ContainsUser(controllableByUserId));
+                    result = result.Where(i => i.UserId.Equals(Guid.Empty) || i.ContainsUser(controllableByUserId.Value));
                 }
 
                 if (!user.HasPermission(PermissionKind.EnableSharedDeviceControl))
@@ -371,8 +371,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? id,
             [FromQuery] string? playableMediaTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? supportedCommands,
-            [FromQuery] bool supportsMediaControl,
-            [FromQuery] bool supportsSync,
+            [FromQuery] bool supportsMediaControl = false,
+            [FromQuery] bool supportsSync = false,
             [FromQuery] bool supportsPersistentIdentifier = true)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id))
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs
index 76cf2febf..6f2787d93 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs
@@ -82,31 +82,31 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string searchTerm,
-            [FromQuery] string parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string fields,
-            [FromQuery] string excludeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string filters,
+            [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
+            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
+            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string genres,
-            [FromQuery] string genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string tags,
-            [FromQuery] string years,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? genres,
+            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
+            [FromQuery] string? tags,
+            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] string enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string person,
-            [FromQuery] string personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string studios,
-            [FromQuery] string studioIds,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-            [FromQuery] string nameStartsWith,
-            [FromQuery] string nameLessThan,
+            [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? person,
+            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? studios,
+            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
+            [FromQuery] string? nameLessThan,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             User? user = null;
             BaseItem parentItem;
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
             else
@@ -259,14 +259,14 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the studio.</returns>
         [HttpGet("{name}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetStudio([FromRoute] string name, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetStudio([FromRoute] string name, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
 
             var item = _libraryManager.GetStudio(name);
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
 
                 return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions, user);
             }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs
index baedafaa6..1c38b8de5 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] int index,
             [FromRoute, Required] string? format,
             [FromQuery] long? endPositionTicks,
-            [FromQuery] bool copyTimestamps,
-            [FromQuery] bool addVttTimeMap,
+            [FromQuery] bool copyTimestamps = false,
+            [FromQuery] bool addVttTimeMap = false,
             [FromRoute] long startPositionTicks = 0)
         {
             if (string.Equals(format, "js", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SuggestionsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SuggestionsController.cs
index e1a99a138..bf3c1e2b1 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SuggestionsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SuggestionsController.cs
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="userId">The user id.</param>
         /// <param name="mediaType">The media types.</param>
         /// <param name="type">The type.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableTotalRecordCount">Whether to enable the total record count.</param>
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The start index.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The limit.</param>
+        /// <param name="enableTotalRecordCount">Whether to enable the total record count.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Suggestions returned.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="QueryResult{BaseItemDto}"/> with the suggestions.</returns>
         [HttpGet("/Users/{userId}/Suggestions")]
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute] Guid userId,
             [FromQuery] string? mediaType,
             [FromQuery] string? type,
-            [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
-            [FromQuery] int? limit)
+            [FromQuery] int? limit,
+            [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = false)
         {
             var user = !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId) : null;
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs
index bd65abd50..645495551 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("/Trailers")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetTrailers(
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? maxOfficialRating,
             [FromQuery] bool? hasThemeSong,
             [FromQuery] bool? hasThemeVideo,
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs
index 80b6a2488..e5b043621 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("NextUp")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetNextUp(
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
@@ -93,12 +93,14 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                     ParentId = parentId,
                     SeriesId = seriesId,
                     StartIndex = startIndex,
-                    UserId = userId,
+                    UserId = userId ?? Guid.Empty,
                     EnableTotalRecordCount = enableTotalRecordCount
                 },
                 options);
 
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var returnItems = _dtoService.GetBaseItemDtos(result.Items, options, user);
 
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("Upcoming")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetUpcomingEpisodes(
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
@@ -135,7 +137,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var minPremiereDate = DateTime.Now.Date.ToUniversalTime().AddDays(-1);
 
@@ -191,7 +195,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetEpisodes(
             [FromRoute] string? seriesId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] int? season,
             [FromQuery] string? seasonId,
@@ -206,7 +210,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             List<BaseItem> episodes;
 
@@ -312,7 +318,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSeasons(
             [FromRoute] string? seriesId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? isSpecialSeason,
             [FromQuery] bool? isMissing,
@@ -322,7 +328,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData)
         {
-            var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             if (!(_libraryManager.GetItemById(seriesId) is Series series))
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs
index ca804ebc9..cedda3b9d 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the <see cref="UserItemDataDto"/>.</returns>
         [HttpPost("/Users/{userId}/Items/{itemId}/Rating")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<UserItemDataDto> UpdateUserItemRating([FromRoute] Guid userId, [FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] bool likes)
+        public ActionResult<UserItemDataDto> UpdateUserItemRating([FromRoute] Guid userId, [FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] bool? likes)
         {
             return UpdateUserItemRatingInternal(userId, itemId, likes);
         }
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<IEnumerable<BaseItemDto>> GetLatestMedia(
             [FromRoute] Guid userId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid parentId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? parentId,
             [FromQuery] string? fields,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? isPlayed,
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                     IncludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(includeItemTypes, ',', true),
                     IsPlayed = isPlayed,
                     Limit = limit,
-                    ParentId = parentId,
+                    ParentId = parentId ?? Guid.Empty,
                     UserId = userId,
                 }, dtoOptions);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserViewsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserViewsController.cs
index ad8927262..f4bd451ef 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserViewsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserViewsController.cs
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
         /// <param name="includeExternalContent">Whether or not to include external views such as channels or live tv.</param>
-        /// <param name="includeHidden">Whether or not to include hidden content.</param>
         /// <param name="presetViews">Preset views.</param>
+        /// <param name="includeHidden">Whether or not to include hidden content.</param>
         /// <response code="200">User views returned.</response>
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the user views.</returns>
         [HttpGet("/Users/{userId}/Views")]
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetUserViews(
             [FromRoute] Guid userId,
             [FromQuery] bool? includeExternalContent,
-            [FromQuery] bool includeHidden,
-            [FromQuery] string? presetViews)
+            [FromQuery] string? presetViews,
+            [FromQuery] bool includeHidden = false)
         {
             var query = new UserViewQuery
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideosController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideosController.cs
index fb1141984..e2a44427b 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideosController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideosController.cs
@@ -53,9 +53,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("{itemId}/AdditionalParts")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetAdditionalPart([FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetAdditionalPart([FromRoute] Guid itemId, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
-            var user = !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId) : null;
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var item = itemId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs
index a66a3951e..d09b016a9 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
             [FromQuery] string? enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] Guid userId,
+            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] bool recursive = true,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true)
         {
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             User? user = null;
             BaseItem parentItem;
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
             else
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet("{year}")]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
-        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetYear([FromRoute] int year, [FromQuery] Guid userId)
+        public ActionResult<BaseItemDto> GetYear([FromRoute] int year, [FromQuery] Guid? userId)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetYear(year);
             if (item == null)
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
                 .AddClientFields(Request);
 
-            if (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
-                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
+                var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
                 return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions, user);
             }
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs
index fd0c31504..b922e76cf 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ using System.Linq;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Persistence;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Querying;
@@ -21,14 +20,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             IUserManager userManager,
             ILibraryManager libraryManager,
             IDtoService dtoService,
-            Guid userId,
+            Guid? userId,
             string id,
             string? excludeArtistIds,
             int? limit,
             Type[] includeTypes,
             Func<BaseItem, List<PersonInfo>, List<PersonInfo>, BaseItem, int> getSimilarityScore)
         {
-            var user = !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? userManager.GetUserById(userId) : null;
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
 
             var item = string.IsNullOrEmpty(id) ?
                 (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() :
@@ -38,11 +39,10 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             {
                 IncludeItemTypes = includeTypes.Select(i => i.Name).ToArray(),
                 Recursive = true,
-                DtoOptions = dtoOptions
+                DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
+                ExcludeArtistIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(excludeArtistIds)
             };
 
-            query.ExcludeArtistIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(excludeArtistIds);
-
             var inputItems = libraryManager.GetItemList(query);
 
             var items = GetSimilaritems(item, libraryManager, inputItems, getSimilarityScore)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3514813eb4eda997a0ea722cc2ed41979419c6dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David <daullmer@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Jul 2020 11:14:38 +0200
Subject: Continute work

---
 Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs     |   3 +
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AudioController.cs        | 350 ++++++++---
 Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs    |  12 +-
 Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs  | 236 +++++++
 Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs           | 681 +++++++++++++++++++--
 Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs       | 453 +++++++++++++-
 Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamState.cs                 | 145 -----
 Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamingDtos/StreamState.cs   | 207 +++++++
 .../Playback/Progressive/AudioService.cs           |   4 -
 .../MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs                |  11 +
 10 files changed, 1801 insertions(+), 301 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs
 delete mode 100644 Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamState.cs
 create mode 100644 Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamingDtos/StreamState.cs

(limited to 'Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs')

diff --git a/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs b/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs
index 25ee7e9ec..c177537b8 100644
--- a/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs
+++ b/Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ using Emby.Server.Implementations.Session;
 using Emby.Server.Implementations.TV;
 using Emby.Server.Implementations.Updates;
 using Emby.Server.Implementations.SyncPlay;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
 using MediaBrowser.Api;
 using MediaBrowser.Common;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
@@ -637,6 +638,8 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations
             serviceCollection.AddSingleton<EncodingHelper>();
 
             serviceCollection.AddSingleton<IAttachmentExtractor, MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Attachments.AttachmentExtractor>();
+
+            serviceCollection.AddSingleton<TranscodingJobHelper>();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AudioController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AudioController.cs
index 39df1e1b1..4d29d3880 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AudioController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AudioController.cs
@@ -3,97 +3,277 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Devices;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dlna;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Net;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Dlna;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.MediaInfo;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Net;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 
 namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 {
-
     /// <summary>
     /// The audio controller.
     /// </summary>
+    // TODO: In order to autheneticate this in the future, Dlna playback will require updating
     public class AudioController : BaseJellyfinApiController
     {
         private readonly IDlnaManager _dlnaManager;
-        private readonly ILogger _logger;
+        private readonly IAuthorizationContext _authContext;
+        private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
+        private readonly ILibraryManager _libraryManager;
+        private readonly IMediaSourceManager _mediaSourceManager;
+        private readonly IServerConfigurationManager _serverConfigurationManager;
+        private readonly IMediaEncoder _mediaEncoder;
+        private readonly IStreamHelper _streamHelper;
+        private readonly IFileSystem _fileSystem;
+        private readonly ISubtitleEncoder _subtitleEncoder;
+        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
+        private readonly IDeviceManager _deviceManager;
+        private readonly TranscodingJobHelper _transcodingJobHelper;
+
+        private readonly TranscodingJobType _transcodingJobType = TranscodingJobType.Progressive;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AudioController"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="dlnaManager">Instance of the <see cref="IDlnaManager"/> interface.</param>
-        /// <param name="logger">Instance of the <see cref="ILogger{AuidoController}"/> interface.</param>
-        public AudioController(IDlnaManager dlnaManager, ILogger<AudioController> logger)
+        /// <param name="userManger">Instance of the <see cref="IUserManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="authorizationContext">Instance of the <see cref="IAuthorizationContext"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="libraryManager">Instance of the <see cref="ILibraryManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaSourceManager">Instance of the <see cref="IMediaSourceManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="serverConfigurationManager">Instance of the <see cref="IServerConfigurationManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaEncoder">Instance of the <see cref="IMediaEncoder"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="streamHelper">Instance of the <see cref="IStreamHelper"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="fileSystem">Instance of the <see cref="IFileSystem"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="subtitleEncoder">Instance of the <see cref="ISubtitleEncoder"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="configuration">Instance of the <see cref="IConfiguration"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="deviceManager">Instance of the <see cref="IDeviceManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingJobHelper">The <see cref="TranscodingJobHelper"/> singleton.</param>
+        public AudioController(
+            IDlnaManager dlnaManager,
+            IUserManager userManger,
+            IAuthorizationContext authorizationContext,
+            ILibraryManager libraryManager,
+            IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager,
+            IServerConfigurationManager serverConfigurationManager,
+            IMediaEncoder mediaEncoder,
+            IStreamHelper streamHelper,
+            IFileSystem fileSystem,
+            ISubtitleEncoder subtitleEncoder,
+            IConfiguration configuration,
+            IDeviceManager deviceManager,
+            TranscodingJobHelper transcodingJobHelper)
         {
             _dlnaManager = dlnaManager;
-            _logger = logger;
+            _authContext = authorizationContext;
+            _userManager = userManger;
+            _libraryManager = libraryManager;
+            _mediaSourceManager = mediaSourceManager;
+            _serverConfigurationManager = serverConfigurationManager;
+            _mediaEncoder = mediaEncoder;
+            _streamHelper = streamHelper;
+            _fileSystem = fileSystem;
+            _subtitleEncoder = subtitleEncoder;
+            _configuration = configuration;
+            _deviceManager = deviceManager;
+            _transcodingJobHelper = transcodingJobHelper;
         }
 
-        [HttpGet("{id}/stream.{container}")]
-        [HttpGet("{id}/stream")]
-        [HttpHead("{id}/stream.{container}")]
-        [HttpGet("{id}/stream")]
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets an audio stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemId">The item id.</param>
+        /// <param name="container">The audio container.</param>
+        /// <param name="static">Optional. If true, the original file will be streamed statically without any encoding. Use either no url extension or the original file extension. true/false.</param>
+        /// <param name="params">The streaming parameters.</param>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="deviceProfileId">Optional. The dlna device profile id to utilize.</param>
+        /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session id.</param>
+        /// <param name="segmentContainer">The segment container.</param>
+        /// <param name="segmentLength">The segment lenght.</param>
+        /// <param name="minSegments">The minimum number of segments.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaSourceId">The media version id, if playing an alternate version.</param>
+        /// <param name="deviceId">The device id of the client requesting. Used to stop encoding processes when needed.</param>
+        /// <param name="audioCodec">Optional. Specify a audio codec to encode to, e.g. mp3. If omitted the server will auto-select using the url's extension. Options: aac, mp3, vorbis, wma.</param>
+        /// <param name="enableAutoStreamCopy">Whether or not to allow automatic stream copy if requested values match the original source. Defaults to true.</param>
+        /// <param name="allowVideoStreamCopy">Whether or not to allow copying of the video stream url.</param>
+        /// <param name="allowAudioStreamCopy">Whether or not to allow copying of the audio stream url.</param>
+        /// <param name="breakOnNonKeyFrames">Optional. Whether to break on non key frames.</param>
+        /// <param name="audioSampleRate">Optional. Specify a specific audio sample rate, e.g. 44100.</param>
+        /// <param name="maxAudioBitDepth">Optional. The maximum audio bit depth.</param>
+        /// <param name="audioBitRate">Optional. Specify an audio bitrate to encode to, e.g. 128000. If omitted this will be left to encoder defaults.</param>
+        /// <param name="audioChannels">Optional. Specify a specific number of audio channels to encode to, e.g. 2.</param>
+        /// <param name="maxAudioChannels">Optional. Specify a maximum number of audio channels to encode to, e.g. 2.</param>
+        /// <param name="profile">Optional. Specify a specific an encoder profile (varies by encoder), e.g. main, baseline, high.</param>
+        /// <param name="level">Optional. Specify a level for the encoder profile (varies by encoder), e.g. 3, 3.1.</param>
+        /// <param name="framerate">Optional. A specific video framerate to encode to, e.g. 23.976. Generally this should be omitted unless the device has specific requirements.</param>
+        /// <param name="maxFramerate">Optional. A specific maximum video framerate to encode to, e.g. 23.976. Generally this should be omitted unless the device has specific requirements.</param>
+        /// <param name="copyTimestamps">Whether or not to copy timestamps when transcoding with an offset. Defaults to false.</param>
+        /// <param name="startTimeTicks">Optional. Specify a starting offset, in ticks. 1 tick = 10000 ms.</param>
+        /// <param name="width">Optional. The fixed horizontal resolution of the encoded video.</param>
+        /// <param name="height">Optional. The fixed vertical resolution of the encoded video.</param>
+        /// <param name="videoBitRate">Optional. Specify a video bitrate to encode to, e.g. 500000. If omitted this will be left to encoder defaults.</param>
+        /// <param name="subtitleStreamIndex">Optional. The index of the subtitle stream to use. If omitted no subtitles will be used.</param>
+        /// <param name="subtitleMethod">Optional. Specify the subtitle delivery method.</param>
+        /// <param name="maxRefFrames">Optional.</param>
+        /// <param name="maxVideoBitDepth">Optional. The maximum video bit depth.</param>
+        /// <param name="requireAvc">Optional. Whether to require avc.</param>
+        /// <param name="deInterlace">Optional. Whether to deinterlace the video.</param>
+        /// <param name="requireNonAnamorphic">Optional. Whether to require a non anamporphic stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingMaxAudioChannels">Optional. The maximum number of audio channels to transcode.</param>
+        /// <param name="cpuCoreLimit">Optional. The limit of how many cpu cores to use.</param>
+        /// <param name="liveStreamId">The live stream id.</param>
+        /// <param name="enableMpegtsM2TsMode">Optional. Whether to enable the MpegtsM2Ts mode.</param>
+        /// <param name="videoCodec">Optional. Specify a video codec to encode to, e.g. h264. If omitted the server will auto-select using the url's extension. Options: h265, h264, mpeg4, theora, vpx, wmv.</param>
+        /// <param name="subtitleCodec">Optional. Specify a subtitle codec to encode to.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingReasons">Optional. The transcoding reason.</param>
+        /// <param name="audioStreamIndex">Optional. The index of the audio stream to use. If omitted the first audio stream will be used.</param>
+        /// <param name="videoStreamIndex">Optional. The index of the video stream to use. If omitted the first video stream will be used.</param>
+        /// <param name="context">Optional. The <see cref="EncodingContext"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="streamOptions">Optional. The streaming options.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="FileResult"/> containing the audio file.</returns>
+        [HttpGet("{itemId}/stream.{container}")]
+        [HttpGet("{itemId}/stream")]
+        [HttpHead("{itemId}/stream.{container}")]
+        [HttpGet("{itemId}/stream")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public async Task<ActionResult> GetAudioStream(
-            [FromRoute] string id,
-            [FromRoute] string container,
-            [FromQuery] bool Static,
-            [FromQuery] string tag)
+            [FromRoute] Guid itemId,
+            [FromRoute] string? container,
+            [FromQuery] bool? @static,
+            [FromQuery] string? @params,
+            [FromQuery] string? tag,
+            [FromQuery] string? deviceProfileId,
+            [FromQuery] string? playSessionId,
+            [FromQuery] string? segmentContainer,
+            [FromQuery] int? segmentLength,
+            [FromQuery] int? minSegments,
+            [FromQuery] string? mediaSourceId,
+            [FromQuery] string? deviceId,
+            [FromQuery] string? audioCodec,
+            [FromQuery] bool? enableAutoStreamCopy,
+            [FromQuery] bool? allowVideoStreamCopy,
+            [FromQuery] bool? allowAudioStreamCopy,
+            [FromQuery] bool? breakOnNonKeyFrames,
+            [FromQuery] int? audioSampleRate,
+            [FromQuery] int? maxAudioBitDepth,
+            [FromQuery] int? audioBitRate,
+            [FromQuery] int? audioChannels,
+            [FromQuery] int? maxAudioChannels,
+            [FromQuery] string? profile,
+            [FromQuery] string? level,
+            [FromQuery] float? framerate,
+            [FromQuery] float? maxFramerate,
+            [FromQuery] bool? copyTimestamps,
+            [FromQuery] long? startTimeTicks,
+            [FromQuery] int? width,
+            [FromQuery] int? height,
+            [FromQuery] int? videoBitRate,
+            [FromQuery] int? subtitleStreamIndex,
+            [FromQuery] SubtitleDeliveryMethod subtitleMethod,
+            [FromQuery] int? maxRefFrames,
+            [FromQuery] int? maxVideoBitDepth,
+            [FromQuery] bool? requireAvc,
+            [FromQuery] bool? deInterlace,
+            [FromQuery] bool? requireNonAnamorphic,
+            [FromQuery] int? transcodingMaxAudioChannels,
+            [FromQuery] int? cpuCoreLimit,
+            [FromQuery] string? liveStreamId,
+            [FromQuery] bool? enableMpegtsM2TsMode,
+            [FromQuery] string? videoCodec,
+            [FromQuery] string? subtitleCodec,
+            [FromQuery] string? transcodingReasons,
+            [FromQuery] int? audioStreamIndex,
+            [FromQuery] int? videoStreamIndex,
+            [FromQuery] EncodingContext context,
+            [FromQuery] Dictionary<string, string> streamOptions)
         {
             bool isHeadRequest = Request.Method == System.Net.WebRequestMethods.Http.Head;
 
             var cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
 
-            var state = await GetState(request, cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var state = await StreamingHelpers.GetStreamingState(
+                    itemId,
+                    startTimeTicks,
+                    audioCodec,
+                    subtitleCodec,
+                    videoCodec,
+                    @params,
+                    @static,
+                    container,
+                    liveStreamId,
+                    playSessionId,
+                    mediaSourceId,
+                    deviceId,
+                    deviceProfileId,
+                    audioBitRate,
+                    Request,
+                    _authContext,
+                    _mediaSourceManager,
+                    _userManager,
+                    _libraryManager,
+                    _serverConfigurationManager,
+                    _mediaEncoder,
+                    _fileSystem,
+                    _subtitleEncoder,
+                    _configuration,
+                    _dlnaManager,
+                    _deviceManager,
+                    _transcodingJobHelper,
+                    _transcodingJobType,
+                    false,
+                    cancellationTokenSource.Token)
+                .ConfigureAwait(false);
 
-            if (Static && state.DirectStreamProvider != null)
+            if (@static.HasValue && @static.Value && state.DirectStreamProvider != null)
             {
-                StreamingHelpers.AddDlnaHeaders(state, Response.Headers, true, Request, _dlnaManager);
+                StreamingHelpers.AddDlnaHeaders(state, Response.Headers, true, startTimeTicks, Request, _dlnaManager);
 
                 using (state)
                 {
-                    var outputHeaders = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-
-                    // TODO: Don't hardcode this
-                    outputHeaders[HeaderNames.ContentType] = MimeTypes.GetMimeType("file.ts");
+                    // TODO AllowEndOfFile = false
+                    await new ProgressiveFileCopier(_streamHelper, state.DirectStreamProvider).WriteToAsync(Response.Body, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
-                    return new ProgressiveFileCopier(state.DirectStreamProvider, outputHeaders, null, _logger, CancellationToken.None)
-                    {
-                        AllowEndOfFile = false
-                    };
+                    // TODO (moved from MediaBrowser.Api): Don't hardcode contentType
+                    return File(Response.Body, MimeTypes.GetMimeType("file.ts")!);
                 }
             }
 
             // Static remote stream
-            if (Static && state.InputProtocol == MediaProtocol.Http)
+            if (@static.HasValue && @static.Value && state.InputProtocol == MediaProtocol.Http)
             {
-                StreamingHelpers.AddDlnaHeaders(state, Response.Headers, true, Request, _dlnaManager);
+                StreamingHelpers.AddDlnaHeaders(state, Response.Headers, true, startTimeTicks, Request, _dlnaManager);
 
                 using (state)
                 {
-                    return await GetStaticRemoteStreamResult(state, responseHeaders, isHeadRequest, cancellationTokenSource).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    return await FileStreamResponseHelpers.GetStaticRemoteStreamResult(state, isHeadRequest, this, cancellationTokenSource).ConfigureAwait(false);
                 }
             }
 
-            if (Static && state.InputProtocol != MediaProtocol.File)
+            if (@static.HasValue && @static.Value && state.InputProtocol != MediaProtocol.File)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException(string.Format($"Input protocol {state.InputProtocol} cannot be streamed statically."));
+                return BadRequest($"Input protocol {state.InputProtocol} cannot be streamed statically");
             }
 
             var outputPath = state.OutputFilePath;
-            var outputPathExists = File.Exists(outputPath);
+            var outputPathExists = System.IO.File.Exists(outputPath);
 
-            var transcodingJob = TranscodingJobHelper.GetTranscodingJob(outputPath, TranscodingJobType.Progressive);
+            var transcodingJob = _transcodingJobHelper.GetTranscodingJob(outputPath, TranscodingJobType.Progressive);
             var isTranscodeCached = outputPathExists && transcodingJob != null;
 
-            StreamingHelpers.AddDlnaHeaders(state, Response.Headers, Static || isTranscodeCached, Request, _dlnaManager);
+            StreamingHelpers.AddDlnaHeaders(state, Response.Headers, (@static.HasValue && @static.Value) || isTranscodeCached, startTimeTicks, Request, _dlnaManager);
 
             // Static stream
-            if (Static)
+            if (@static.HasValue && @static.Value)
             {
                 var contentType = state.GetMimeType("." + state.OutputContainer, false) ?? state.GetMimeType(state.MediaPath);
 
@@ -101,16 +281,10 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 {
                     if (state.MediaSource.IsInfiniteStream)
                     {
-                        var outputHeaders = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-                        {
-                            [HeaderNames.ContentType] = contentType
-                        };
-
+                        // TODO AllowEndOfFile = false
+                        await new ProgressiveFileCopier(_streamHelper, state.MediaPath).WriteToAsync(Response.Body, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
-                        return new ProgressiveFileCopier(FileSystem, state.MediaPath, outputHeaders, null, _logger, CancellationToken.None)
-                        {
-                            AllowEndOfFile = false
-                        };
+                        return File(Response.Body, contentType);
                     }
 
                     TimeSpan? cacheDuration = null;
@@ -120,57 +294,65 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                         cacheDuration = TimeSpan.FromDays(365);
                     }
 
+                    return FileStreamResponseHelpers.GetStaticFileResult(
+                        state.MediaPath,
+                        contentType,
+                        _fileSystem.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(state.MediaPath),
+                        cacheDuration,
+                        isHeadRequest,
+                        this);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*
+            // Not static but transcode cache file exists
+            if (isTranscodeCached && state.VideoRequest == null)
+            {
+                var contentType = state.GetMimeType(outputPath)
+                try
+                {
+                    if (transcodingJob != null)
+                    {
+                        ApiEntryPoint.Instance.OnTranscodeBeginRequest(transcodingJob);
+                    }
                     return await ResultFactory.GetStaticFileResult(Request, new StaticFileResultOptions
                     {
                         ResponseHeaders = responseHeaders,
                         ContentType = contentType,
                         IsHeadRequest = isHeadRequest,
-                        Path = state.MediaPath,
-                        CacheDuration = cacheDuration
-
+                        Path = outputPath,
+                        FileShare = FileShare.ReadWrite,
+                        OnComplete = () =>
+                        {
+                            if (transcodingJob != null)
+                            {
+                                ApiEntryPoint.Instance.OnTranscodeEndRequest(transcodingJob);
+                            }
                     }).ConfigureAwait(false);
                 }
+                finally
+                {
+                    state.Dispose();
+                }
             }
+            */
 
-            //// Not static but transcode cache file exists
-            //if (isTranscodeCached && state.VideoRequest == null)
-            //{
-            //    var contentType = state.GetMimeType(outputPath);
-
-            //    try
-            //    {
-            //        if (transcodingJob != null)
-            //        {
-            //            ApiEntryPoint.Instance.OnTranscodeBeginRequest(transcodingJob);
-            //        }
-
-            //        return await ResultFactory.GetStaticFileResult(Request, new StaticFileResultOptions
-            //        {
-            //            ResponseHeaders = responseHeaders,
-            //            ContentType = contentType,
-            //            IsHeadRequest = isHeadRequest,
-            //            Path = outputPath,
-            //            FileShare = FileShare.ReadWrite,
-            //            OnComplete = () =>
-            //            {
-            //                if (transcodingJob != null)
-            //                {
-            //                    ApiEntryPoint.Instance.OnTranscodeEndRequest(transcodingJob);
-            //                }
-            //            }
-
-            //        }).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            //    }
-            //    finally
-            //    {
-            //        state.Dispose();
-            //    }
-            //}
-
-            // Need to start ffmpeg
+            // Need to start ffmpeg (because media can't be returned directly)
             try
             {
-                return await GetStreamResult(request, state, responseHeaders, isHeadRequest, cancellationTokenSource).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                var encodingOptions = _serverConfigurationManager.GetEncodingOptions();
+                var encodingHelper = new EncodingHelper(_mediaEncoder, _fileSystem, _subtitleEncoder, _configuration);
+                var ffmpegCommandLineArguments = encodingHelper.GetProgressiveAudioFullCommandLine(state, encodingOptions, outputPath);
+                return await FileStreamResponseHelpers.GetTranscodedFile(
+                    state,
+                    isHeadRequest,
+                    _streamHelper,
+                    this,
+                    _transcodingJobHelper,
+                    ffmpegCommandLineArguments,
+                    Request,
+                    _transcodingJobType,
+                    cancellationTokenSource).ConfigureAwait(false);
             }
             catch
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
index 05a6edf4e..da69ca72c 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaystateController.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Net;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Session;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
-using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Session;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
@@ -40,8 +39,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="sessionManager">Instance of the <see cref="ISessionManager"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="authContext">Instance of the <see cref="IAuthorizationContext"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="loggerFactory">Instance of the <see cref="ILoggerFactory"/> interface.</param>
-        /// <param name="mediaSourceManager">Instance of the <see cref="IMediaSourceManager"/> interface.</param>
-        /// <param name="fileSystem">Instance of the <see cref="IFileSystem"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingJobHelper">Th <see cref="TranscodingJobHelper"/> singleton.</param>
         public PlaystateController(
             IUserManager userManager,
             IUserDataManager userDataRepository,
@@ -49,8 +47,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             ISessionManager sessionManager,
             IAuthorizationContext authContext,
             ILoggerFactory loggerFactory,
-            IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager,
-            IFileSystem fileSystem)
+            TranscodingJobHelper transcodingJobHelper)
         {
             _userManager = userManager;
             _userDataRepository = userDataRepository;
@@ -59,10 +56,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             _authContext = authContext;
             _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<PlaystateController>();
 
-            _transcodingJobHelper = new TranscodingJobHelper(
-                loggerFactory.CreateLogger<TranscodingJobHelper>(),
-                mediaSourceManager,
-                fileSystem);
+            _transcodingJobHelper = transcodingJobHelper;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e03cafe35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
+using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The stream response helpers.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class FileStreamResponseHelpers
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a static file from a remote source.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The current <see cref="StreamState"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="isHeadRequest">Whether the current request is a HTTP HEAD request so only the headers get returned.</param>
+        /// <param name="controller">The <see cref="ControllerBase"/> managing the response.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationTokenSource">The <see cref="CancellationTokenSource"/>.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{ActionResult}"/> containing the API response.</returns>
+        public static async Task<ActionResult> GetStaticRemoteStreamResult(
+            StreamState state,
+            bool isHeadRequest,
+            ControllerBase controller,
+            CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource)
+        {
+            HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
+            var responseHeaders = controller.Response.Headers;
+
+            if (state.RemoteHttpHeaders.TryGetValue(HeaderNames.UserAgent, out var useragent))
+            {
+                httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(HeaderNames.UserAgent, useragent);
+            }
+
+            var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(state.MediaPath).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var contentType = response.Content.Headers.ContentType.ToString();
+
+            responseHeaders[HeaderNames.AcceptRanges] = "none";
+
+            // Seeing cases of -1 here
+            if (response.Content.Headers.ContentLength.HasValue && response.Content.Headers.ContentLength.Value >= 0)
+            {
+                responseHeaders[HeaderNames.ContentLength] = response.Content.Headers.ContentLength.Value.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            }
+
+            if (isHeadRequest)
+            {
+                using (response)
+                {
+                    return controller.File(Array.Empty<byte>(), contentType);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return controller.File(await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync().ConfigureAwait(false), contentType);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a static file from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">The path to the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="contentType">The content type of the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="dateLastModified">The <see cref="DateTime"/> of the last modification of the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="cacheDuration">The cache duration of the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="isHeadRequest">Whether the current request is a HTTP HEAD request so only the headers get returned.</param>
+        /// <param name="controller">The <see cref="ControllerBase"/> managing the response.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ActionResult"/> the file.</returns>
+        // TODO: caching doesn't work
+        public static ActionResult GetStaticFileResult(
+            string path,
+            string contentType,
+            DateTime dateLastModified,
+            TimeSpan? cacheDuration,
+            bool isHeadRequest,
+            ControllerBase controller)
+        {
+            bool disableCaching = false;
+            if (controller.Request.Headers.TryGetValue(HeaderNames.CacheControl, out StringValues headerValue))
+            {
+                disableCaching = headerValue.FirstOrDefault().Contains("no-cache", StringComparison.InvariantCulture);
+            }
+
+            bool parsingSuccessful = DateTime.TryParseExact(controller.Request.Headers[HeaderNames.IfModifiedSince], "ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss \"GMT\"", new CultureInfo("en-US", false), DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal, out DateTime ifModifiedSinceHeader);
+
+            // if the parsing of the IfModifiedSince header was not successfull, disable caching
+            if (!parsingSuccessful)
+            {
+                disableCaching = true;
+            }
+
+            controller.Response.ContentType = contentType;
+            controller.Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.Age, Convert.ToInt64((DateTime.UtcNow - dateLastModified).TotalSeconds).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            controller.Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.Vary, HeaderNames.Accept);
+
+            if (disableCaching)
+            {
+                controller.Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.CacheControl, "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
+                controller.Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.Pragma, "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (cacheDuration.HasValue)
+                {
+                    controller.Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.CacheControl, "public, max-age=" + cacheDuration.Value.TotalSeconds);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    controller.Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.CacheControl, "public");
+                }
+
+                controller.Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.LastModified, dateLastModified.ToUniversalTime().ToString("ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss \"GMT\"", new CultureInfo("en-US", false)));
+
+                // if the image was not modified since "ifModifiedSinceHeader"-header, return a HTTP status code 304 not modified
+                if (!(dateLastModified > ifModifiedSinceHeader))
+                {
+                    if (ifModifiedSinceHeader.Add(cacheDuration!.Value) < DateTime.UtcNow)
+                    {
+                        controller.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status304NotModified;
+                        return new ContentResult();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // if the request is a head request, return a NoContent result with the same headers as it would with a GET request
+            if (isHeadRequest)
+            {
+                return controller.NoContent();
+            }
+
+            var stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            return controller.File(stream, contentType);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a transcoded file from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The current <see cref="StreamState"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="isHeadRequest">Whether the current request is a HTTP HEAD request so only the headers get returned.</param>
+        /// <param name="streamHelper">Instance of the <see cref="IStreamHelper"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="controller">The <see cref="ControllerBase"/> managing the response.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingJobHelper">The <see cref="TranscodingJobHelper"/> singleton.</param>
+        /// <param name="ffmpegCommandLineArguments">The command line arguments to start ffmpeg.</param>
+        /// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpRequest"/> starting the transcoding.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingJobType">The <see cref="TranscodingJobType"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationTokenSource">The <see cref="CancellationTokenSource"/>.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{ActionResult}"/> containing the transcoded file.</returns>
+        public static async Task<ActionResult> GetTranscodedFile(
+            StreamState state,
+            bool isHeadRequest,
+            IStreamHelper streamHelper,
+            ControllerBase controller,
+            TranscodingJobHelper transcodingJobHelper,
+            string ffmpegCommandLineArguments,
+            HttpRequest request,
+            TranscodingJobType transcodingJobType,
+            CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource)
+        {
+            IHeaderDictionary responseHeaders = controller.Response.Headers;
+            // Use the command line args with a dummy playlist path
+            var outputPath = state.OutputFilePath;
+
+            responseHeaders[HeaderNames.AcceptRanges] = "none";
+
+            var contentType = state.GetMimeType(outputPath);
+
+            // TODO: The isHeadRequest is only here because ServiceStack will add Content-Length=0 to the response
+            // TODO (from api-migration): Investigate if this is still neccessary as we migrated away from ServiceStack
+            var contentLength = state.EstimateContentLength || isHeadRequest ? GetEstimatedContentLength(state) : null;
+
+            if (contentLength.HasValue)
+            {
+                responseHeaders[HeaderNames.ContentLength] = contentLength.Value.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                responseHeaders.Remove(HeaderNames.ContentLength);
+            }
+
+            // Headers only
+            if (isHeadRequest)
+            {
+                return controller.File(Array.Empty<byte>(), contentType);
+            }
+
+            var transcodingLock = transcodingJobHelper.GetTranscodingLock(outputPath);
+            await transcodingLock.WaitAsync(cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            try
+            {
+                if (!File.Exists(outputPath))
+                {
+                    await transcodingJobHelper.StartFfMpeg(state, outputPath, ffmpegCommandLineArguments, request, transcodingJobType, cancellationTokenSource).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    transcodingJobHelper.OnTranscodeBeginRequest(outputPath, TranscodingJobType.Progressive);
+                    state.Dispose();
+                }
+
+                Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
+
+                await new ProgressiveFileCopier(streamHelper, outputPath).WriteToAsync(stream, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return controller.File(stream, contentType);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                transcodingLock.Release();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the length of the estimated content.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
+        /// <returns>System.Nullable{System.Int64}.</returns>
+        private static long? GetEstimatedContentLength(StreamState state)
+        {
+            var totalBitrate = state.TotalOutputBitrate ?? 0;
+
+            if (totalBitrate > 0 && state.RunTimeTicks.HasValue)
+            {
+                return Convert.ToInt64(totalBitrate * TimeSpan.FromTicks(state.RunTimeTicks.Value).TotalSeconds / 8);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs
index 4cebf40f6..c88ec0b2f 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs
@@ -1,32 +1,255 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using Jellyfin.Api.Models;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Devices;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dlna;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Net;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Dlna;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
+using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
 
 namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// The streaming helpers
+    /// The streaming helpers.
     /// </summary>
-    public class StreamingHelpers
+    public static class StreamingHelpers
     {
+        public static async Task<StreamState> GetStreamingState(
+            Guid itemId,
+            long? startTimeTicks,
+            string? audioCodec,
+            string? subtitleCodec,
+            string? videoCodec,
+            string? @params,
+            bool? @static,
+            string? container,
+            string? liveStreamId,
+            string? playSessionId,
+            string? mediaSourceId,
+            string? deviceId,
+            string? deviceProfileId,
+            int? audioBitRate,
+            HttpRequest request,
+            IAuthorizationContext authorizationContext,
+            IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager,
+            IUserManager userManager,
+            ILibraryManager libraryManager,
+            IServerConfigurationManager serverConfigurationManager,
+            IMediaEncoder mediaEncoder,
+            IFileSystem fileSystem,
+            ISubtitleEncoder subtitleEncoder,
+            IConfiguration configuration,
+            IDlnaManager dlnaManager,
+            IDeviceManager deviceManager,
+            TranscodingJobHelper transcodingJobHelper,
+            TranscodingJobType transcodingJobType,
+            bool isVideoRequest,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            EncodingHelper encodingHelper = new EncodingHelper(mediaEncoder, fileSystem, subtitleEncoder, configuration);
+            // Parse the DLNA time seek header
+            if (!startTimeTicks.HasValue)
+            {
+                var timeSeek = request.Headers["TimeSeekRange.dlna.org"];
+
+                startTimeTicks = ParseTimeSeekHeader(timeSeek);
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(@params))
+            {
+                // What is this?
+                ParseParams(request);
+            }
+
+            var streamOptions = ParseStreamOptions(request.Query);
+
+            var url = request.Path.Value.Split('.').Last();
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(audioCodec))
+            {
+                audioCodec = encodingHelper.InferAudioCodec(url);
+            }
+
+            var enableDlnaHeaders = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(@params) ||
+                                    string.Equals(request.Headers["GetContentFeatures.DLNA.ORG"], "1", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+            var state = new StreamState(mediaSourceManager, transcodingJobType, transcodingJobHelper)
+            {
+                // TODO request was the StreamingRequest living in MediaBrowser.Api.Playback.Progressive
+                Request = request,
+                RequestedUrl = url,
+                UserAgent = request.Headers[HeaderNames.UserAgent],
+                EnableDlnaHeaders = enableDlnaHeaders
+            };
+
+            var auth = authorizationContext.GetAuthorizationInfo(request);
+            if (!auth.UserId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
+            {
+                state.User = userManager.GetUserById(auth.UserId);
+            }
+
+            /*
+            if ((Request.UserAgent ?? string.Empty).IndexOf("iphone", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
+                (Request.UserAgent ?? string.Empty).IndexOf("ipad", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
+                (Request.UserAgent ?? string.Empty).IndexOf("ipod", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
+            {
+                state.SegmentLength = 6;
+            }
+            */
+
+            if (state.VideoRequest != null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(state.VideoRequest.VideoCodec))
+            {
+                state.SupportedVideoCodecs = state.VideoRequest.VideoCodec.Split(',').Where(i => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(i)).ToArray();
+                state.VideoRequest.VideoCodec = state.SupportedVideoCodecs.FirstOrDefault();
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(audioCodec))
+            {
+                state.SupportedAudioCodecs = audioCodec.Split(',').Where(i => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(i)).ToArray();
+                state.Request.AudioCodec = state.SupportedAudioCodecs.FirstOrDefault(i => mediaEncoder.CanEncodeToAudioCodec(i))
+                                           ?? state.SupportedAudioCodecs.FirstOrDefault();
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(subtitleCodec))
+            {
+                state.SupportedSubtitleCodecs = subtitleCodec.Split(',').Where(i => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(i)).ToArray();
+                state.Request.SubtitleCodec = state.SupportedSubtitleCodecs.FirstOrDefault(i => mediaEncoder.CanEncodeToSubtitleCodec(i))
+                                              ?? state.SupportedSubtitleCodecs.FirstOrDefault();
+            }
+
+            var item = libraryManager.GetItemById(itemId);
+
+            state.IsInputVideo = string.Equals(item.MediaType, MediaType.Video, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+            /*
+            var primaryImage = item.GetImageInfo(ImageType.Primary, 0) ??
+                         item.Parents.Select(i => i.GetImageInfo(ImageType.Primary, 0)).FirstOrDefault(i => i != null);
+            if (primaryImage != null)
+            {
+                state.AlbumCoverPath = primaryImage.Path;
+            }
+            */
+
+            MediaSourceInfo? mediaSource = null;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(liveStreamId))
+            {
+                var currentJob = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(playSessionId)
+                    ? transcodingJobHelper.GetTranscodingJob(playSessionId)
+                    : null;
+
+                if (currentJob != null)
+                {
+                    mediaSource = currentJob.MediaSource;
+                }
+
+                if (mediaSource == null)
+                {
+                    var mediaSources = await mediaSourceManager.GetPlaybackMediaSources(libraryManager.GetItemById(itemId), null, false, false, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                    mediaSource = string.IsNullOrEmpty(mediaSourceId)
+                        ? mediaSources[0]
+                        : mediaSources.Find(i => string.Equals(i.Id, mediaSourceId, StringComparison.InvariantCulture));
+
+                    if (mediaSource == null && Guid.Parse(mediaSourceId) == itemId)
+                    {
+                        mediaSource = mediaSources[0];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var liveStreamInfo = await mediaSourceManager.GetLiveStreamWithDirectStreamProvider(liveStreamId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                mediaSource = liveStreamInfo.Item1;
+                state.DirectStreamProvider = liveStreamInfo.Item2;
+            }
+
+            encodingHelper.AttachMediaSourceInfo(state, mediaSource, url);
+
+            var containerInternal = Path.GetExtension(state.RequestedUrl);
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(container))
+            {
+                containerInternal = container;
+            }
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(containerInternal))
+            {
+                containerInternal = (@static.HasValue && @static.Value) ? StreamBuilder.NormalizeMediaSourceFormatIntoSingleContainer(state.InputContainer, state.MediaPath, null, DlnaProfileType.Audio) : GetOutputFileExtension(state);
+            }
+
+            state.OutputContainer = (containerInternal ?? string.Empty).TrimStart('.');
+
+            state.OutputAudioBitrate = encodingHelper.GetAudioBitrateParam(audioBitRate, state.AudioStream);
+
+            state.OutputAudioCodec = audioCodec;
+
+            state.OutputAudioChannels = encodingHelper.GetNumAudioChannelsParam(state, state.AudioStream, state.OutputAudioCodec);
+
+            if (isVideoRequest)
+            {
+                state.OutputVideoCodec = state.VideoRequest.VideoCodec;
+                state.OutputVideoBitrate = EncodingHelper.GetVideoBitrateParamValue(state.VideoRequest, state.VideoStream, state.OutputVideoCodec);
+
+                encodingHelper.TryStreamCopy(state);
+
+                if (state.OutputVideoBitrate.HasValue && !EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(state.OutputVideoCodec))
+                {
+                    var resolution = ResolutionNormalizer.Normalize(
+                        state.VideoStream?.BitRate,
+                        state.VideoStream?.Width,
+                        state.VideoStream?.Height,
+                        state.OutputVideoBitrate.Value,
+                        state.VideoStream?.Codec,
+                        state.OutputVideoCodec,
+                        videoRequest.MaxWidth,
+                        videoRequest.MaxHeight);
+
+                    videoRequest.MaxWidth = resolution.MaxWidth;
+                    videoRequest.MaxHeight = resolution.MaxHeight;
+                }
+            }
+
+            ApplyDeviceProfileSettings(state, dlnaManager, deviceManager, request, deviceProfileId, @static);
+
+            var ext = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(state.OutputContainer)
+                ? GetOutputFileExtension(state)
+                : ('.' + state.OutputContainer);
+
+            state.OutputFilePath = GetOutputFilePath(state, ext!, serverConfigurationManager, deviceId, playSessionId);
+
+            return state;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Adds the dlna headers.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
         /// <param name="responseHeaders">The response headers.</param>
         /// <param name="isStaticallyStreamed">if set to <c>true</c> [is statically streamed].</param>
+        /// <param name="startTimeTicks">The start time in ticks.</param>
         /// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpRequest"/>.</param>
         /// <param name="dlnaManager">Instance of the <see cref="IDlnaManager"/> interface.</param>
         public static void AddDlnaHeaders(
             StreamState state,
             IHeaderDictionary responseHeaders,
             bool isStaticallyStreamed,
+            long? startTimeTicks,
             HttpRequest request,
             IDlnaManager dlnaManager)
         {
@@ -54,7 +277,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
 
                 if (!isStaticallyStreamed && profile != null)
                 {
-                    AddTimeSeekResponseHeaders(state, responseHeaders);
+                    AddTimeSeekResponseHeaders(state, responseHeaders, startTimeTicks);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -82,51 +305,18 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             {
                 var videoCodec = state.ActualOutputVideoCodec;
 
-                responseHeaders.Add("contentFeatures.dlna.org", new ContentFeatureBuilder(profile).BuildVideoHeader(
-                    state.OutputContainer,
-                    videoCodec,
-                    audioCodec,
-                    state.OutputWidth,
-                    state.OutputHeight,
-                    state.TargetVideoBitDepth,
-                    state.OutputVideoBitrate,
-                    state.TargetTimestamp,
-                    isStaticallyStreamed,
-                    state.RunTimeTicks,
-                    state.TargetVideoProfile,
-                    state.TargetVideoLevel,
-                    state.TargetFramerate,
-                    state.TargetPacketLength,
-                    state.TranscodeSeekInfo,
-                    state.IsTargetAnamorphic,
-                    state.IsTargetInterlaced,
-                    state.TargetRefFrames,
-                    state.TargetVideoStreamCount,
-                    state.TargetAudioStreamCount,
-                    state.TargetVideoCodecTag,
-                    state.IsTargetAVC).FirstOrDefault() ?? string.Empty);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses the dlna headers.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="startTimeTicks">The start time ticks.</param>
-        /// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpRequest"/>.</param>
-        public void ParseDlnaHeaders(long? startTimeTicks, HttpRequest request)
-        {
-            if (!startTimeTicks.HasValue)
-            {
-                var timeSeek = request.Headers["TimeSeekRange.dlna.org"];
-
-                startTimeTicks = ParseTimeSeekHeader(timeSeek);
+                responseHeaders.Add(
+                    "contentFeatures.dlna.org",
+                    new ContentFeatureBuilder(profile).BuildVideoHeader(state.OutputContainer, videoCodec, audioCodec, state.OutputWidth, state.OutputHeight, state.TargetVideoBitDepth, state.OutputVideoBitrate, state.TargetTimestamp, isStaticallyStreamed, state.RunTimeTicks, state.TargetVideoProfile, state.TargetVideoLevel, state.TargetFramerate, state.TargetPacketLength, state.TranscodeSeekInfo, state.IsTargetAnamorphic, state.IsTargetInterlaced, state.TargetRefFrames, state.TargetVideoStreamCount, state.TargetAudioStreamCount, state.TargetVideoCodecTag, state.IsTargetAVC).FirstOrDefault() ?? string.Empty);
             }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Parses the time seek header.
         /// </summary>
-        public long? ParseTimeSeekHeader(string value)
+        /// <param name="value">The time seek header string.</param>
+        /// <returns>A nullable <see cref="long"/> representing the seek time in ticks.</returns>
+        public static long? ParseTimeSeekHeader(string value)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
             {
@@ -138,12 +328,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             {
                 throw new ArgumentException("Invalid timeseek header");
             }
-            int index = value.IndexOf('-');
+
+            int index = value.IndexOf('-', StringComparison.InvariantCulture);
             value = index == -1
                 ? value.Substring(Npt.Length)
                 : value.Substring(Npt.Length, index - Npt.Length);
 
-            if (value.IndexOf(':') == -1)
+            if (value.IndexOf(':', StringComparison.InvariantCulture) == -1)
             {
                 // Parses npt times in the format of '417.33'
                 if (double.TryParse(value, NumberStyles.Any, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var seconds))
@@ -169,15 +360,45 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
                 {
                     throw new ArgumentException("Invalid timeseek header");
                 }
+
                 timeFactor /= 60;
             }
+
             return TimeSpan.FromSeconds(secondsSum).Ticks;
         }
 
-        public void AddTimeSeekResponseHeaders(StreamState state, IHeaderDictionary responseHeaders)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses query parameters as StreamOptions.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="queryString">The query string.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Dictionary{String,String}"/> containing the stream options.</returns>
+        public static Dictionary<string, string> ParseStreamOptions(IQueryCollection queryString)
         {
-            var runtimeSeconds = TimeSpan.FromTicks(state.RunTimeTicks.Value).TotalSeconds.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
-            var startSeconds = TimeSpan.FromTicks(state.Request.StartTimeTicks ?? 0).TotalSeconds.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            Dictionary<string, string> streamOptions = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            foreach (var param in queryString)
+            {
+                if (char.IsLower(param.Key[0]))
+                {
+                    // This was probably not parsed initially and should be a StreamOptions
+                    // or the generated URL should correctly serialize it
+                    // TODO: This should be incorporated either in the lower framework for parsing requests
+                    streamOptions[param.Key] = param.Value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return streamOptions;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the dlna time seek headers to the response.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The current <see cref="StreamState"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="responseHeaders">The <see cref="IHeaderDictionary"/> of the response.</param>
+        /// <param name="startTimeTicks">The start time in ticks.</param>
+        public static void AddTimeSeekResponseHeaders(StreamState state, IHeaderDictionary responseHeaders, long? startTimeTicks)
+        {
+            var runtimeSeconds = TimeSpan.FromTicks(state.RunTimeTicks!.Value).TotalSeconds.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            var startSeconds = TimeSpan.FromTicks(startTimeTicks ?? 0).TotalSeconds.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
 
             responseHeaders.Add("TimeSeekRange.dlna.org", string.Format(
                 CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
@@ -190,5 +411,369 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
                 startSeconds,
                 runtimeSeconds));
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the output file extension.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
+        /// <returns>System.String.</returns>
+        public static string? GetOutputFileExtension(StreamState state)
+        {
+            var ext = Path.GetExtension(state.RequestedUrl);
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ext))
+            {
+                return ext;
+            }
+
+            var isVideoRequest = state.VideoRequest != null;
+
+            // Try to infer based on the desired video codec
+            if (isVideoRequest)
+            {
+                var videoCodec = state.VideoRequest.VideoCodec;
+
+                if (string.Equals(videoCodec, "h264", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                    string.Equals(videoCodec, "h265", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".ts";
+                }
+
+                if (string.Equals(videoCodec, "theora", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".ogv";
+                }
+
+                if (string.Equals(videoCodec, "vpx", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".webm";
+                }
+
+                if (string.Equals(videoCodec, "wmv", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".asf";
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Try to infer based on the desired audio codec
+            if (!isVideoRequest)
+            {
+                var audioCodec = state.Request.AudioCodec;
+
+                if (string.Equals("aac", audioCodec, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".aac";
+                }
+
+                if (string.Equals("mp3", audioCodec, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".mp3";
+                }
+
+                if (string.Equals("vorbis", audioCodec, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".ogg";
+                }
+
+                if (string.Equals("wma", audioCodec, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    return ".wma";
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the output file path for transcoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The current <see cref="StreamState"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="outputFileExtension">The file extension of the output file.</param>
+        /// <param name="serverConfigurationManager">Instance of the <see cref="IServerConfigurationManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="deviceId">The device id.</param>
+        /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session id.</param>
+        /// <returns>The complete file path, including the folder, for the transcoding file.</returns>
+        private static string GetOutputFilePath(StreamState state, string outputFileExtension, IServerConfigurationManager serverConfigurationManager, string? deviceId, string? playSessionId)
+        {
+            var data = $"{state.MediaPath}-{state.UserAgent}-{deviceId!}-{playSessionId!}";
+
+            var filename = data.GetMD5().ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            var ext = outputFileExtension?.ToLowerInvariant();
+            var folder = serverConfigurationManager.GetTranscodePath();
+
+            return Path.Combine(folder, filename + ext);
+        }
+
+        private static void ApplyDeviceProfileSettings(StreamState state, IDlnaManager dlnaManager, IDeviceManager deviceManager, HttpRequest request, string? deviceProfileId, bool? @static)
+        {
+            var headers = request.Headers;
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(deviceProfileId))
+            {
+                state.DeviceProfile = dlnaManager.GetProfile(deviceProfileId);
+            }
+            else if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(deviceProfileId))
+            {
+                var caps = deviceManager.GetCapabilities(deviceProfileId);
+
+                state.DeviceProfile = caps == null ? dlnaManager.GetProfile(headers) : caps.DeviceProfile;
+            }
+
+            var profile = state.DeviceProfile;
+
+            if (profile == null)
+            {
+                // Don't use settings from the default profile.
+                // Only use a specific profile if it was requested.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var audioCodec = state.ActualOutputAudioCodec;
+            var videoCodec = state.ActualOutputVideoCodec;
+
+            var mediaProfile = state.VideoRequest == null
+                ? profile.GetAudioMediaProfile(state.OutputContainer, audioCodec, state.OutputAudioChannels, state.OutputAudioBitrate, state.OutputAudioSampleRate, state.OutputAudioBitDepth)
+                : profile.GetVideoMediaProfile(
+                    state.OutputContainer,
+                    audioCodec,
+                    videoCodec,
+                    state.OutputWidth,
+                    state.OutputHeight,
+                    state.TargetVideoBitDepth,
+                    state.OutputVideoBitrate,
+                    state.TargetVideoProfile,
+                    state.TargetVideoLevel,
+                    state.TargetFramerate,
+                    state.TargetPacketLength,
+                    state.TargetTimestamp,
+                    state.IsTargetAnamorphic,
+                    state.IsTargetInterlaced,
+                    state.TargetRefFrames,
+                    state.TargetVideoStreamCount,
+                    state.TargetAudioStreamCount,
+                    state.TargetVideoCodecTag,
+                    state.IsTargetAVC);
+
+            if (mediaProfile != null)
+            {
+                state.MimeType = mediaProfile.MimeType;
+            }
+
+            if (!(@static.HasValue && @static.Value))
+            {
+                var transcodingProfile = state.VideoRequest == null ? profile.GetAudioTranscodingProfile(state.OutputContainer, audioCodec) : profile.GetVideoTranscodingProfile(state.OutputContainer, audioCodec, videoCodec);
+
+                if (transcodingProfile != null)
+                {
+                    state.EstimateContentLength = transcodingProfile.EstimateContentLength;
+                    // state.EnableMpegtsM2TsMode = transcodingProfile.EnableMpegtsM2TsMode;
+                    state.TranscodeSeekInfo = transcodingProfile.TranscodeSeekInfo;
+
+                    if (state.VideoRequest != null)
+                    {
+                        state.VideoRequest.CopyTimestamps = transcodingProfile.CopyTimestamps;
+                        state.VideoRequest.EnableSubtitlesInManifest = transcodingProfile.EnableSubtitlesInManifest;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the parameters.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="request">The request.</param>
+        private void ParseParams(StreamRequest request)
+        {
+            var vals = request.Params.Split(';');
+
+            var videoRequest = request as VideoStreamRequest;
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < vals.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var val = vals[i];
+
+                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(val))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                switch (i)
+                {
+                    case 0:
+                        request.DeviceProfileId = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 1:
+                        request.DeviceId = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        request.MediaSourceId = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        request.Static = string.Equals("true", val, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                        break;
+                    case 4:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.VideoCodec = val;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        request.AudioCodec = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 6:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.AudioStreamIndex = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 7:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.SubtitleStreamIndex = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 8:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.VideoBitRate = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 9:
+                        request.AudioBitRate = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        break;
+                    case 10:
+                        request.MaxAudioChannels = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        break;
+                    case 11:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.MaxFramerate = float.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 12:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.MaxWidth = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 13:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.MaxHeight = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 14:
+                        request.StartTimeTicks = long.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        break;
+                    case 15:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.Level = val;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 16:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.MaxRefFrames = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 17:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.MaxVideoBitDepth = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 18:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.Profile = val;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 19:
+                        // cabac no longer used
+                        break;
+                    case 20:
+                        request.PlaySessionId = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 21:
+                        // api_key
+                        break;
+                    case 22:
+                        request.LiveStreamId = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 23:
+                        // Duplicating ItemId because of MediaMonkey
+                        break;
+                    case 24:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.CopyTimestamps = string.Equals("true", val, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 25:
+                        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(val) && videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            if (Enum.TryParse(val, out SubtitleDeliveryMethod method))
+                            {
+                                videoRequest.SubtitleMethod = method;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 26:
+                        request.TranscodingMaxAudioChannels = int.Parse(val, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                        break;
+                    case 27:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.EnableSubtitlesInManifest = string.Equals("true", val, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 28:
+                        request.Tag = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 29:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.RequireAvc = string.Equals("true", val, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 30:
+                        request.SubtitleCodec = val;
+                        break;
+                    case 31:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.RequireNonAnamorphic = string.Equals("true", val, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 32:
+                        if (videoRequest != null)
+                        {
+                            videoRequest.DeInterlace = string.Equals("true", val, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    case 33:
+                        request.TranscodeReasons = val;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs
index 7db75387a..9fbd5ec2d 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs
@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Jellyfin.Api.Models;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos;
+using Jellyfin.Data.Enums;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Net;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Session;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.MediaInfo;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Session;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 
 namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
@@ -30,9 +42,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// </summary>
         private static readonly Dictionary<string, SemaphoreSlim> _transcodingLocks = new Dictionary<string, SemaphoreSlim>();
 
+        private readonly IAuthorizationContext _authorizationContext;
+        private readonly EncodingHelper _encodingHelper;
+        private readonly IFileSystem _fileSystem;
+        private readonly IIsoManager _isoManager;
+
         private readonly ILogger<TranscodingJobHelper> _logger;
+        private readonly IMediaEncoder _mediaEncoder;
         private readonly IMediaSourceManager _mediaSourceManager;
-        private readonly IFileSystem _fileSystem;
+        private readonly IServerConfigurationManager _serverConfigurationManager;
+        private readonly ISessionManager _sessionManager;
+        private readonly ILoggerFactory _loggerFactory;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TranscodingJobHelper"/> class.
@@ -40,14 +60,40 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// <param name="logger">Instance of the <see cref="ILogger{TranscodingJobHelpers}"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="mediaSourceManager">Instance of the <see cref="IMediaSourceManager"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="fileSystem">Instance of the <see cref="IFileSystem"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="mediaEncoder">Instance of the <see cref="IMediaEncoder"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="serverConfigurationManager">Instance of the <see cref="IServerConfigurationManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="sessionManager">Instance of the <see cref="ISessionManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="authorizationContext">Instance of the <see cref="IAuthorizationContext"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="isoManager">Instance of the <see cref="IIsoManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="subtitleEncoder">Instance of the <see cref="ISubtitleEncoder"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="configuration">Instance of the <see cref="IConfiguration"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="loggerFactory">Instance of the <see cref="ILoggerFactory"/> interface.</param>
         public TranscodingJobHelper(
             ILogger<TranscodingJobHelper> logger,
             IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager,
-            IFileSystem fileSystem)
+            IFileSystem fileSystem,
+            IMediaEncoder mediaEncoder,
+            IServerConfigurationManager serverConfigurationManager,
+            ISessionManager sessionManager,
+            IAuthorizationContext authorizationContext,
+            IIsoManager isoManager,
+            ISubtitleEncoder subtitleEncoder,
+            IConfiguration configuration,
+            ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
         {
             _logger = logger;
             _mediaSourceManager = mediaSourceManager;
             _fileSystem = fileSystem;
+            _mediaEncoder = mediaEncoder;
+            _serverConfigurationManager = serverConfigurationManager;
+            _sessionManager = sessionManager;
+            _authorizationContext = authorizationContext;
+            _isoManager = isoManager;
+            _loggerFactory = loggerFactory;
+
+            _encodingHelper = new EncodingHelper(mediaEncoder, fileSystem, subtitleEncoder, configuration);
+
+            DeleteEncodedMediaCache();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -63,7 +109,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             }
         }
 
-        public static TranscodingJobDto GetTranscodingJob(string path, TranscodingJobType type)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get transcoding job.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">Path to the transcoding file.</param>
+        /// <param name="type">The <see cref="TranscodingJobType"/>.</param>
+        /// <returns>The transcoding job.</returns>
+        public TranscodingJobDto GetTranscodingJob(string path, TranscodingJobType type)
         {
             lock (_activeTranscodingJobs)
             {
@@ -361,14 +413,24 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Report the transcoding progress to the session manager.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="job">The <see cref="TranscodingJobDto"/> of which the progress will be reported.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">The <see cref="StreamState"/> of the current transcoding job.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingPosition">The current transcoding position.</param>
+        /// <param name="framerate">The framerate of the transcoding job.</param>
+        /// <param name="percentComplete">The completion percentage of the transcode.</param>
+        /// <param name="bytesTranscoded">The number of bytes transcoded.</param>
+        /// <param name="bitRate">The bitrate of the transcoding job.</param>
         public void ReportTranscodingProgress(
-        TranscodingJob job,
-        StreamState state,
-        TimeSpan? transcodingPosition,
-        float? framerate,
-        double? percentComplete,
-        long? bytesTranscoded,
-        int? bitRate)
+            TranscodingJobDto job,
+            StreamState state,
+            TimeSpan? transcodingPosition,
+            float? framerate,
+            double? percentComplete,
+            long? bytesTranscoded,
+            int? bitRate)
         {
             var ticks = transcodingPosition?.Ticks;
 
@@ -405,5 +467,374 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
                 });
             }
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts the FFMPEG.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
+        /// <param name="outputPath">The output path.</param>
+        /// <param name="commandLineArguments">The command line arguments for ffmpeg.</param>
+        /// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpRequest"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingJobType">The <see cref="TranscodingJobType"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationTokenSource">The cancellation token source.</param>
+        /// <param name="workingDirectory">The working directory.</param>
+        /// <returns>Task.</returns>
+        public async Task<TranscodingJobDto> StartFfMpeg(
+            StreamState state,
+            string outputPath,
+            string commandLineArguments,
+            HttpRequest request,
+            TranscodingJobType transcodingJobType,
+            CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource,
+            string workingDirectory = null)
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath));
+
+            await AcquireResources(state, cancellationTokenSource).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            if (state.VideoRequest != null && !EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(state.OutputVideoCodec))
+            {
+                var auth = _authorizationContext.GetAuthorizationInfo(request);
+                if (auth.User != null && !auth.User.HasPermission(PermissionKind.EnableVideoPlaybackTranscoding))
+                {
+                    this.OnTranscodeFailedToStart(outputPath, transcodingJobType, state);
+
+                    throw new ArgumentException("User does not have access to video transcoding");
+                }
+            }
+
+            var process = new Process()
+            {
+                StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo()
+                {
+                    WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
+                    CreateNoWindow = true,
+                    UseShellExecute = false,
+
+                    // Must consume both stdout and stderr or deadlocks may occur
+                    // RedirectStandardOutput = true,
+                    RedirectStandardError = true,
+                    RedirectStandardInput = true,
+                    FileName = _mediaEncoder.EncoderPath,
+                    Arguments = commandLineArguments,
+                    WorkingDirectory = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(workingDirectory) ? null : workingDirectory,
+                    ErrorDialog = false
+                },
+                EnableRaisingEvents = true
+            };
+
+            var transcodingJob = this.OnTranscodeBeginning(
+                outputPath,
+                state.Request.PlaySessionId,
+                state.MediaSource.LiveStreamId,
+                Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
+                transcodingJobType,
+                process,
+                state.Request.DeviceId,
+                state,
+                cancellationTokenSource);
+
+            var commandLineLogMessage = process.StartInfo.FileName + " " + process.StartInfo.Arguments;
+            _logger.LogInformation(commandLineLogMessage);
+
+            var logFilePrefix = "ffmpeg-transcode";
+            if (state.VideoRequest != null
+                && EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(state.OutputVideoCodec))
+            {
+                logFilePrefix = EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(state.OutputAudioCodec)
+                    ? "ffmpeg-remux"
+                    : "ffmpeg-directstream";
+            }
+
+            var logFilePath = Path.Combine(_serverConfigurationManager.ApplicationPaths.LogDirectoryPath, logFilePrefix + "-" + Guid.NewGuid() + ".txt");
+
+            // FFMpeg writes debug/error info to stderr. This is useful when debugging so let's put it in the log directory.
+            Stream logStream = new FileStream(logFilePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read, IODefaults.FileStreamBufferSize, true);
+
+            var commandLineLogMessageBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(request.Path + Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine + JsonSerializer.Serialize(state.MediaSource) + Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine + commandLineLogMessage + Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine);
+            await logStream.WriteAsync(commandLineLogMessageBytes, 0, commandLineLogMessageBytes.Length, cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            process.Exited += (sender, args) => OnFfMpegProcessExited(process, transcodingJob, state);
+
+            try
+            {
+                process.Start();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                _logger.LogError(ex, "Error starting ffmpeg");
+
+                this.OnTranscodeFailedToStart(outputPath, transcodingJobType, state);
+
+                throw;
+            }
+
+            _logger.LogDebug("Launched ffmpeg process");
+            state.TranscodingJob = transcodingJob;
+
+            // Important - don't await the log task or we won't be able to kill ffmpeg when the user stops playback
+            _ = new JobLogger(_logger).StartStreamingLog(state, process.StandardError.BaseStream, logStream);
+
+            // Wait for the file to exist before proceeeding
+            var ffmpegTargetFile = state.WaitForPath ?? outputPath;
+            _logger.LogDebug("Waiting for the creation of {0}", ffmpegTargetFile);
+            while (!File.Exists(ffmpegTargetFile) && !transcodingJob.HasExited)
+            {
+                await Task.Delay(100, cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            _logger.LogDebug("File {0} created or transcoding has finished", ffmpegTargetFile);
+
+            if (state.IsInputVideo && transcodingJob.Type == TranscodingJobType.Progressive && !transcodingJob.HasExited)
+            {
+                await Task.Delay(1000, cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                if (state.ReadInputAtNativeFramerate && !transcodingJob.HasExited)
+                {
+                    await Task.Delay(1500, cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!transcodingJob.HasExited)
+            {
+                StartThrottler(state, transcodingJob);
+            }
+
+            _logger.LogDebug("StartFfMpeg() finished successfully");
+
+            return transcodingJob;
+        }
+
+        private void StartThrottler(StreamState state, TranscodingJobDto transcodingJob)
+        {
+            if (EnableThrottling(state))
+            {
+                transcodingJob.TranscodingThrottler = state.TranscodingThrottler = new TranscodingThrottler(transcodingJob, new Logger<TranscodingThrottler>(new LoggerFactory()), _serverConfigurationManager, _fileSystem);
+                state.TranscodingThrottler.Start();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool EnableThrottling(StreamState state)
+        {
+            var encodingOptions = _serverConfigurationManager.GetEncodingOptions();
+
+            // enable throttling when NOT using hardware acceleration
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(encodingOptions.HardwareAccelerationType))
+            {
+                return state.InputProtocol == MediaProtocol.File &&
+                       state.RunTimeTicks.HasValue &&
+                       state.RunTimeTicks.Value >= TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).Ticks &&
+                       state.IsInputVideo &&
+                       state.VideoType == VideoType.VideoFile &&
+                       !EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(state.OutputVideoCodec);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when [transcode beginning].
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
+        /// <param name="playSessionId">The play session identifier.</param>
+        /// <param name="liveStreamId">The live stream identifier.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingJobId">The transcoding job identifier.</param>
+        /// <param name="type">The type.</param>
+        /// <param name="process">The process.</param>
+        /// <param name="deviceId">The device id.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationTokenSource">The cancellation token source.</param>
+        /// <returns>TranscodingJob.</returns>
+        public TranscodingJobDto OnTranscodeBeginning(
+            string path,
+            string playSessionId,
+            string liveStreamId,
+            string transcodingJobId,
+            TranscodingJobType type,
+            Process process,
+            string deviceId,
+            StreamState state,
+            CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource)
+        {
+            lock (_activeTranscodingJobs)
+            {
+                var job = new TranscodingJobDto(_loggerFactory.CreateLogger<TranscodingJobDto>())
+                {
+                    Type = type,
+                    Path = path,
+                    Process = process,
+                    ActiveRequestCount = 1,
+                    DeviceId = deviceId,
+                    CancellationTokenSource = cancellationTokenSource,
+                    Id = transcodingJobId,
+                    PlaySessionId = playSessionId,
+                    LiveStreamId = liveStreamId,
+                    MediaSource = state.MediaSource
+                };
+
+                _activeTranscodingJobs.Add(job);
+
+                ReportTranscodingProgress(job, state, null, null, null, null, null);
+
+                return job;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The progressive
+        /// </summary>
+        /// Called when [transcode failed to start].
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
+        /// <param name="type">The type.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
+        public void OnTranscodeFailedToStart(string path, TranscodingJobType type, StreamState state)
+        {
+            lock (_activeTranscodingJobs)
+            {
+                var job = _activeTranscodingJobs.FirstOrDefault(j => j.Type == type && string.Equals(j.Path, path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+                if (job != null)
+                {
+                    _activeTranscodingJobs.Remove(job);
+                }
+            }
+
+            lock (_transcodingLocks)
+            {
+                _transcodingLocks.Remove(path);
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(state.Request.DeviceId))
+            {
+                _sessionManager.ClearTranscodingInfo(state.Request.DeviceId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Processes the exited.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="process">The process.</param>
+        /// <param name="job">The job.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
+        private void OnFfMpegProcessExited(Process process, TranscodingJobDto job, StreamState state)
+        {
+            if (job != null)
+            {
+                job.HasExited = true;
+            }
+
+            _logger.LogDebug("Disposing stream resources");
+            state.Dispose();
+
+            if (process.ExitCode == 0)
+            {
+                _logger.LogInformation("FFMpeg exited with code 0");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _logger.LogError("FFMpeg exited with code {0}", process.ExitCode);
+            }
+
+            process.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private async Task AcquireResources(StreamState state, CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource)
+        {
+            if (state.VideoType == VideoType.Iso && state.IsoType.HasValue && _isoManager.CanMount(state.MediaPath))
+            {
+                state.IsoMount = await _isoManager.Mount(state.MediaPath, cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            if (state.MediaSource.RequiresOpening && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(state.Request.LiveStreamId))
+            {
+                var liveStreamResponse = await _mediaSourceManager.OpenLiveStream(
+                    new LiveStreamRequest { OpenToken = state.MediaSource.OpenToken },
+                    cancellationTokenSource.Token)
+                    .ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                _encodingHelper.AttachMediaSourceInfo(state, liveStreamResponse.MediaSource, state.RequestedUrl);
+
+                if (state.VideoRequest != null)
+                {
+                    _encodingHelper.TryStreamCopy(state);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (state.MediaSource.BufferMs.HasValue)
+            {
+                await Task.Delay(state.MediaSource.BufferMs.Value, cancellationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when [transcode begin request].
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
+        /// <param name="type">The type.</param>
+        /// <returns>The <see cref="TranscodingJobDto"/>.</returns>
+        public TranscodingJobDto? OnTranscodeBeginRequest(string path, TranscodingJobType type)
+        {
+            lock (_activeTranscodingJobs)
+            {
+                var job = _activeTranscodingJobs.FirstOrDefault(j => j.Type == type && string.Equals(j.Path, path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+                if (job == null)
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                OnTranscodeBeginRequest(job);
+
+                return job;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnTranscodeBeginRequest(TranscodingJobDto job)
+        {
+            job.ActiveRequestCount++;
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(job.PlaySessionId) || job.Type == TranscodingJobType.Progressive)
+            {
+                job.StopKillTimer();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the transcoding lock.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="outputPath">The output path of the transcoded file.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="SemaphoreSlim"/>.</returns>
+        public SemaphoreSlim GetTranscodingLock(string outputPath)
+        {
+            lock (_transcodingLocks)
+            {
+                if (!_transcodingLocks.TryGetValue(outputPath, out SemaphoreSlim result))
+                {
+                    result = new SemaphoreSlim(1, 1);
+                    _transcodingLocks[outputPath] = result;
+                }
+
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Deletes the encoded media cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void DeleteEncodedMediaCache()
+        {
+            var path = _serverConfigurationManager.GetTranscodePath();
+            if (!Directory.Exists(path))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            foreach (var file in _fileSystem.GetFilePaths(path, true))
+            {
+                _fileSystem.DeleteFile(file);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamState.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamState.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 9fe5f52c3..000000000
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamState.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
-using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
-using MediaBrowser.Model.Dlna;
-
-namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models
-{
-    public class StreamState : EncodingJobInfo, IDisposable
-    {
-        private readonly IMediaSourceManager _mediaSourceManager;
-        private bool _disposed = false;
-
-        public string RequestedUrl { get; set; }
-
-        public StreamRequest Request
-        {
-            get => (StreamRequest)BaseRequest;
-            set
-            {
-                BaseRequest = value;
-
-                IsVideoRequest = VideoRequest != null;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public TranscodingThrottler TranscodingThrottler { get; set; }
-
-        public VideoStreamRequest VideoRequest => Request as VideoStreamRequest;
-
-        public IDirectStreamProvider DirectStreamProvider { get; set; }
-
-        public string WaitForPath { get; set; }
-
-        public bool IsOutputVideo => Request is VideoStreamRequest;
-
-        public int SegmentLength
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                if (Request.SegmentLength.HasValue)
-                {
-                    return Request.SegmentLength.Value;
-                }
-
-                if (EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(OutputVideoCodec))
-                {
-                    var userAgent = UserAgent ?? string.Empty;
-
-                    if (userAgent.IndexOf("AppleTV", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
-                        userAgent.IndexOf("cfnetwork", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
-                        userAgent.IndexOf("ipad", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
-                        userAgent.IndexOf("iphone", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
-                        userAgent.IndexOf("ipod", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
-                    {
-                        if (IsSegmentedLiveStream)
-                        {
-                            return 6;
-                        }
-
-                        return 6;
-                    }
-
-                    if (IsSegmentedLiveStream)
-                    {
-                        return 3;
-                    }
-
-                    return 6;
-                }
-
-                return 3;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public int MinSegments
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                if (Request.MinSegments.HasValue)
-                {
-                    return Request.MinSegments.Value;
-                }
-
-                return SegmentLength >= 10 ? 2 : 3;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public string UserAgent { get; set; }
-
-        public bool EstimateContentLength { get; set; }
-
-        public TranscodeSeekInfo TranscodeSeekInfo { get; set; }
-
-        public bool EnableDlnaHeaders { get; set; }
-
-        public DeviceProfile DeviceProfile { get; set; }
-
-        public TranscodingJobDto TranscodingJob { get; set; }
-
-        public StreamState(IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager, TranscodingJobType transcodingType)
-            : base(transcodingType)
-        {
-            _mediaSourceManager = mediaSourceManager;
-        }
-
-        public override void ReportTranscodingProgress(TimeSpan? transcodingPosition, float? framerate, double? percentComplete, long? bytesTranscoded, int? bitRate)
-        {
-            TranscodingJobHelper.ReportTranscodingProgress(TranscodingJob, this, transcodingPosition, framerate, percentComplete, bytesTranscoded, bitRate);
-        }
-
-        public void Dispose()
-        {
-            Dispose(true);
-            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
-        }
-
-        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
-        {
-            if (_disposed)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (disposing)
-            {
-                // REVIEW: Is this the right place for this?
-                if (MediaSource.RequiresClosing
-                    && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Request.LiveStreamId)
-                    && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MediaSource.LiveStreamId))
-                {
-                    _mediaSourceManager.CloseLiveStream(MediaSource.LiveStreamId).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
-                }
-
-                TranscodingThrottler?.Dispose();
-            }
-
-            TranscodingThrottler = null;
-            TranscodingJob = null;
-
-            _disposed = true;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamingDtos/StreamState.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamingDtos/StreamState.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b962e0ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/StreamingDtos/StreamState.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+using System;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Dlna;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The stream state dto.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class StreamState : EncodingJobInfo, IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly IMediaSourceManager _mediaSourceManager;
+        private readonly TranscodingJobHelper _transcodingJobHelper;
+        private bool _disposed;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="StreamState" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="mediaSourceManager">Instance of the <see cref="mediaSourceManager" /> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingType">The <see cref="TranscodingJobType" />.</param>
+        /// <param name="transcodingJobHelper">The <see cref="TranscodingJobHelper" /> singleton.</param>
+        public StreamState(IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager, TranscodingJobType transcodingType, TranscodingJobHelper transcodingJobHelper)
+            : base(transcodingType)
+        {
+            _mediaSourceManager = mediaSourceManager;
+            _transcodingJobHelper = transcodingJobHelper;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the requested url.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? RequestedUrl { get; set; }
+
+        // /// <summary>
+        // /// Gets or sets the request.
+        // /// </summary>
+        // public StreamRequest Request
+        // {
+        //     get => (StreamRequest)BaseRequest;
+        //     set
+        //     {
+        //         BaseRequest = value;
+        //
+        //         IsVideoRequest = VideoRequest != null;
+        //     }
+        // }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the transcoding throttler.
+        /// </summary>
+        public TranscodingThrottler? TranscodingThrottler { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the video request.
+        /// </summary>
+        public VideoStreamRequest VideoRequest => Request as VideoStreamRequest;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the direct stream provicer.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IDirectStreamProvider? DirectStreamProvider { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the path to wait for.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? WaitForPath { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the request outputs video.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsOutputVideo => Request is VideoStreamRequest;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the segment length.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int SegmentLength
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (Request.SegmentLength.HasValue)
+                {
+                    return Request.SegmentLength.Value;
+                }
+
+                if (EncodingHelper.IsCopyCodec(OutputVideoCodec))
+                {
+                    var userAgent = UserAgent ?? string.Empty;
+
+                    if (userAgent.IndexOf("AppleTV", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
+                        userAgent.IndexOf("cfnetwork", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
+                        userAgent.IndexOf("ipad", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
+                        userAgent.IndexOf("iphone", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
+                        userAgent.IndexOf("ipod", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
+                    {
+                        if (IsSegmentedLiveStream)
+                        {
+                            return 6;
+                        }
+
+                        return 6;
+                    }
+
+                    if (IsSegmentedLiveStream)
+                    {
+                        return 3;
+                    }
+
+                    return 6;
+                }
+
+                return 3;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the minimum number of segments.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int MinSegments
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (Request.MinSegments.HasValue)
+                {
+                    return Request.MinSegments.Value;
+                }
+
+                return SegmentLength >= 10 ? 2 : 3;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the user agent.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? UserAgent { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether to estimate the content length.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool EstimateContentLength { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the transcode seek info.
+        /// </summary>
+        public TranscodeSeekInfo TranscodeSeekInfo { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether to enable dlna headers.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool EnableDlnaHeaders { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the device profile.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DeviceProfile? DeviceProfile { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the transcoding job.
+        /// </summary>
+        public TranscodingJobDto? TranscodingJob { get; set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void ReportTranscodingProgress(TimeSpan? transcodingPosition, float? framerate, double? percentComplete, long? bytesTranscoded, int? bitRate)
+        {
+            _transcodingJobHelper.ReportTranscodingProgress(TranscodingJob!, this, transcodingPosition, framerate, percentComplete, bytesTranscoded, bitRate);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Disposes the stream state.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="disposing">Whether the object is currently beeing disposed.</param>
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (_disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                // REVIEW: Is this the right place for this?
+                if (MediaSource.RequiresClosing
+                    && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Request.LiveStreamId)
+                    && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MediaSource.LiveStreamId))
+                {
+                    _mediaSourceManager.CloseLiveStream(MediaSource.LiveStreamId).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+                }
+
+                TranscodingThrottler?.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            TranscodingThrottler = null;
+            TranscodingJob = null;
+
+            _disposed = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.Api/Playback/Progressive/AudioService.cs b/MediaBrowser.Api/Playback/Progressive/AudioService.cs
index 34c7986ca..ef639851b 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.Api/Playback/Progressive/AudioService.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.Api/Playback/Progressive/AudioService.cs
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Api.Playback.Progressive
     /// <summary>
     /// Class GetAudioStream
     /// </summary>
-    [Route("/Audio/{Id}/stream.{Container}", "GET", Summary = "Gets an audio stream")]
-    [Route("/Audio/{Id}/stream", "GET", Summary = "Gets an audio stream")]
-    [Route("/Audio/{Id}/stream.{Container}", "HEAD", Summary = "Gets an audio stream")]
-    [Route("/Audio/{Id}/stream", "HEAD", Summary = "Gets an audio stream")]
     public class GetAudioStream : StreamRequest
     {
     }
diff --git a/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs b/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs
index 8ce106469..8cfe562b3 100644
--- a/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs
+++ b/MediaBrowser.Controller/MediaEncoding/EncodingHelper.cs
@@ -1263,6 +1263,17 @@ namespace MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding
             return null;
         }
 
+        public int? GetAudioBitrateParam(int? audioBitRate, MediaStream audioStream)
+        {
+            if (audioBitRate.HasValue)
+            {
+                // Don't encode any higher than this
+                return Math.Min(384000, audioBitRate.Value);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
         public string GetAudioFilterParam(EncodingJobInfo state, EncodingOptions encodingOptions, bool isHls)
         {
             var channels = state.OutputAudioChannels;
-- 
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